Golaszewski Natalie M, Bartholomew John B, Errisuriz Vanessa L, Korinek Elizabeth, Jowers Esbelle
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Health Behav Policy Rev. 2021 Mar;8(2):159-167. doi: 10.14485/hbpr.8.2.6.
In this study, we examined students' fitness, body mass index (BMI), and demographics as predictors of observed time on-task (TOT) behaviors as an indicator of behavioral inattention.
We collected demographics, fitness estimates, and BMI from 2020 fourth-graders (Mean age = 8.6 (SD = 0.5); 47% girls; 49% white) from 28 schools. We measured TOT through momentary time sampling observations. Three-level linear models were conducted to determine whether characteristics predicted differences in TOT. We tested interactions between characteristics and TOT.
Older students exhibited greater percent of TOT (estimate = 2.34, SE = 1.02, df = 919, t = 2.30, p < .05). Additionally, boys spent less percent TOT (estimate = -3.59, SE = 1.03, df = 906, t = -3.49, p < .05). There were no differences by race/ethnicity, SES, BMI, fitness, or time of day and percent TOT. Furthermore, none of the interactions were statistically significant (p > .15).
Girls and older students spent more TOT. These findings are of interest to educators and psychologists working on the development of research-based guidelines aimed to support elementary students' engagement in the classroom.
在本研究中，我们考察了学生的健康状况、体重指数（BMI）和人口统计学特征，将其作为观察到的任务执行时间（TOT）行为的预测因素，以此作为行为注意力不集中的一个指标。
我们从28所学校的2020名四年级学生（平均年龄 = 8.6（标准差 = 0.5）；47%为女生；49%为白人）中收集了人口统计学特征、健康状况评估和BMI数据。我们通过瞬间时间抽样观察来测量任务执行时间。进行了三级线性模型分析，以确定这些特征是否能预测任务执行时间的差异。我们还测试了特征与任务执行时间之间的相互作用。
年龄较大的学生表现出更高的任务执行时间百分比（估计值 = 2.34，标准误 = 1.02，自由度 = 919，t = 2.30，p <.05）。此外，男生的任务执行时间百分比更低（估计值 = -3.59，标准误 = 1.03，自由度 = 906，t = -3.49，p <.05）。在种族/民族、社会经济地位、BMI、健康状况、一天中的时间以及任务执行时间百分比方面没有差异。此外，所有的相互作用均无统计学意义（p >.15）。
女生和年龄较大的学生花费的任务执行时间更多。这些发现对于致力于制定基于研究的指导方针以支持小学生课堂参与度的教育工作者和心理学家来说具有参考价值。
