Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Jan 12;59(1):20-26. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab135.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; Family Togaviridae), is an endemic pathogen first isolated in 1933 with distribution primarily in the eastern US and Canada. The virus has caused periodic outbreaks in both humans and equines along the eastern seaboard and through the southern coastal states. While the outbreaks caused by EEEV have been sporadic and varied geographically since the discovery of the virus, it has continued to expand its range moving into the Midwest states as well. Additionally, one of the largest outbreaks was recorded in 2019 prompting concerns that outbreaks were becoming larger and more frequent. Because the virus can cause serious disease and because it is transmissible by both mosquitoes and aerosol, there has been renewed interest in identifying potential options for vaccines. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control which have limited effectiveness for the EEEV vectors. Several vaccine candidates are currently being developed; this review will describe the multiple options under consideration for future development and assess their relative advantages and disadvantages.
东部马脑炎病毒（EEEV；披膜病毒科）是一种地方性病原体，于 1933 年首次分离得到，主要分布于美国东部和加拿大。该病毒已在东海岸和南部沿海各州的人类和马属动物中引发周期性暴发。自发现该病毒以来，EEEV 引起的暴发虽然偶有发生且地域分布各异，但仍不断扩大范围，进入中西部各州。此外，2019 年记录了一次规模最大的暴发，这引发了人们的担忧，即暴发变得更大、更频繁。由于该病毒可引起严重疾病，并且可通过蚊子和空气传播，因此人们重新产生了对鉴定疫苗潜在选择的兴趣。目前，尚无许可疫苗，控制完全依赖于使用个人防护措施和综合病媒控制，但这些措施对 EEEV 载体的效果有限。目前正在开发几种疫苗候选物；本综述将描述正在考虑用于未来开发的多种选择，并评估它们的相对优缺点。
