Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai 200062, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Nov 16;55(22):15031-15039. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02612. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
This study aims to investigate the effect of the stepwise marine fuel oil regulations on the concentrations of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) in ambient air based on a 4-y (2017-2020) online measurement in Shanghai, a coastal city in China. The annual concentration of V was reduced by 58% due to the switch from Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) 1.0 to DECA 2.0 and further by 74% after the implementation of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2020 regulation, while the reduction rate for Ni was only 27% and then 18% respectively. Consistently, a reduction of 84% in V content and a negligible change in Ni content were measured in 180cst ship oil samples from 2010 to 2020. The similar increasing trend of Ni/V ratios (from <0.4 to >2.0) in both ambient measurement and heavy fuel oil samples suggests that the DECA and IMO 2020 regulations effectively reduced the ambient V. However, nickel content is still enriched in the in-use desulfurized residual oils and ship-emitted particles in coastal China. Meanwhile, the previous ratio between V and Ni cannot be used as a tracer for identifying ship-emitted particles due to its large variation in oils. Further updating of the source profile of ship traffic emissions in coastal cities is necessary in the future.
本研究旨在基于中国沿海城市上海进行的为期 4 年（2017-2020 年）的在线监测，研究逐步实施的船用燃油法规对环境空气中钒（V）和镍（Ni）浓度的影响。由于从国内排放控制区（DECA）1.0 切换到 DECA 2.0，V 的年浓度降低了 58%，而在实施国际海事组织（IMO）2020 年规定后，V 的浓度进一步降低了 74%，而 Ni 的降低率仅分别为 27%和 18%。同样，在 2010 年至 2020 年期间，180cst 船用燃油样本中 V 含量降低了 84%，Ni 含量几乎没有变化。环境监测和重燃料油样本中 Ni/V 比值（从<0.4 增加到>2.0）呈相似的增加趋势，表明 DECA 和 IMO 2020 法规有效地降低了环境中的 V。然而，镍含量在中国沿海地区的在用脱硫渣油和船舶排放颗粒物中仍然富集。同时，由于油品中 V 和 Ni 的比例变化较大，以前的 V/Ni 比值不能作为识别船舶排放颗粒物的示踪剂。未来有必要进一步更新沿海城市船舶交通排放源谱。
