Wang Mei, Rasnitsyn Alexandr P, Li Hu, Shih Chungkun, Sharkey Michael J, Ren Dong
College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
Cladistics. 2016 Jun;32(3):239-260. doi: 10.1111/cla.12129. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
The phylogeny of the superfamily Pamphilioidea is reconstructed using morphology and DNA sequence data of living and fossil taxa by employing two phylogenetic methods (maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference). Based on our results, the monophyly of Pamphilioidea and Pamphiliidae are corroborated, whereas two extinct families, Xyelydidae and Praesiricidae, are not monophyletic. Because members of Praesiricidae together with Megalodontes form a monophyletic group, we propose that the paraphyletic Praesiricidae is synonymized under Megalodontesidae (syn. nov.). The origin of Pamphilioidea is hypothesized to be as early as the Early Jurassic. To better understand morphological evolution in the early lineages of Pamphilioidea, ancestral states of the first flagellomere and the first and second abdominal terga are reconstructed on the morphology-based tree. In addition, three new genera (Medilyda, Brevilyda, Strenolyda) with five new species (Medilyda procera, M. distorta, Brevilyda provecta, Strenolyda marginalis and S. retrorsa) are described based on well-preserved xyelydid fossils from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of north-eastern China.
通过运用两种系统发育方法（最大简约法和贝叶斯推断法），利用现存和化石类群的形态学及DNA序列数据，重建了叶蜂总科的系统发育。基于我们的研究结果，叶蜂总科和叶蜂科的单系性得到了证实，而两个已灭绝的科，即古叶蜂科和原西蜂科，并非单系的。由于原西蜂科的成员与巨齿叶蜂属共同构成一个单系类群，我们提议将并系的原西蜂科归为巨齿叶蜂科的异名（新组合）。推测叶蜂总科的起源可追溯至早侏罗世。为了更好地理解叶蜂总科早期谱系的形态演化，在基于形态学构建的树上重建了第一鞭节以及第一和第二腹节背板的祖先状态。此外，基于中国东北中侏罗世九龙山组保存完好的古叶蜂科化石，描述了三个新属（中宽叶蜂属、短宽叶蜂属、长宽叶蜂属）及五个新种（修长中宽叶蜂、扭曲中宽叶蜂、具显短宽叶蜂、边缘长宽叶蜂和后弯长宽叶蜂）。
