Ioffe Dina, Phull Pooja, Dotan Efrat
Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Oct 27;13:8085-8098. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S276104. eCollection 2021.
Cholangiocarcinomas are rare tumors originating at any point along the biliary tree. These tumors often pose significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment, and often carry a poor prognosis. However, in recent years, studies have identified significant molecular heterogeneity with up to 50% of tumors having detectable mutations, leading to the guideline recommendations for molecular testing as part of the diagnostic workup for these tumors. In addition, better classification of these tumors and understanding of their biology has led to new drugs being approved for treatment of this resistant tumor. This manuscript will provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approach, molecular classification, and treatment options for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinomas.
胆管癌是起源于胆管树任何部位的罕见肿瘤。这些肿瘤在诊断和治疗方面常常带来重大挑战，且预后通常较差。然而，近年来，研究发现了显著的分子异质性，高达50%的肿瘤存在可检测到的突变，这导致指南建议将分子检测作为这些肿瘤诊断检查的一部分。此外，对这些肿瘤更好的分类以及对其生物学特性的了解，促使有新药获批用于治疗这种难治性肿瘤。本文将全面综述晚期胆管癌患者的流行病学、危险因素、诊断方法、分子分类和治疗选择。
