Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510070, People's Republic of China.
Guangdong Dimei Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510070, People's Republic of China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;291(Pt 1):132766. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132766. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Numerous attempts have been utilized to unveil the occurrences of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in human-associated and non-human-associated samples. However, spoiled household chemicals, which are usually neglected by the public, may be also a reservoir of ARGs because of the excessive and inappropriate uses of industrial drugs. Based upon the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database, a metagenomic sequencing method was utilized to detect and quantify Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (AROs) in six spoiled household chemicals, including hair conditioner, dishwashing detergent, bath shampoo, hand sanitizer, and laundry detergent. Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant phylum in all the samples. Functional annotation of the unigenes obtained against the KEGG pathway, eggNOG and CAZy databases demonstrated a diversity of their functions. Moreover, 186 types of AROs that were members of 72 drug classes were identified. Multidrug resistance genes were the most dominant types, and there were 17 AROs whose resistance mechanisms were categorized into the resistance-nodulation-cell division antibiotic efflux pump among the top 20 AROs. Moreover, Proteobacteria was the dominant carrier of AROs with the primary resistance mechanism of antibiotic efflux. The maximum temperature of the months of collection significantly affected the distributions of AROs. Additionally, the isolated individual bacterium from spoiled household chemicals and artificial mixed communities of isolated bacteria demonstrated diverse resistant abilities to different biocides. This study demonstrated that there are abundant microorganisms and a broad spectrum profile of AROs in spoiled household chemicals that might induce a severe threat to public healthy securities and merit particular attention.
人们已经尝试了多种方法来揭示人类相关和非人类相关样本中抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的发生情况。然而，由于工业药物的过度和不当使用，通常被公众忽视的家用变质化学品也可能成为 ARGs 的储存库。基于综合抗生素研究数据库，采用宏基因组测序方法检测和定量了六种变质家用化学品（包括护发素、洗碗剂、沐浴洗发水、洗手液和洗衣液）中的抗生素耐药本体论（AROs）。在所有样本中，变形菌门被发现是优势门。根据 KEGG 途径、eggNOG 和 CAZy 数据库对获得的 unigenes 进行功能注释，表明了它们功能的多样性。此外，还鉴定出了 186 种属于 72 种药物类别的 AROs。多药耐药基因是最主要的类型，在排名前 20 的 AROs 中，有 17 种 AROs 的耐药机制被归类为耐药-结节-细胞分裂抗生素外排泵。此外，变形菌门是 AROs 的主要载体，其主要耐药机制为抗生素外排。采集月份的最高温度显著影响了 AROs 的分布。此外，从变质家用化学品中分离出的单个细菌和人工混合分离细菌群落表现出对不同杀菌剂的不同抗性能力。本研究表明，变质家用化学品中存在丰富的微生物和广泛的 AROs 谱，可能对公众健康安全构成严重威胁，值得特别关注。
