Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Neural Circuits. 2021 Oct 21;15:748989. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.748989. eCollection 2021.
Neuromodulation is present throughout the nervous system and serves a critical role for circuit function and dynamics. The computational investigations of neuromodulation in large scale networks require supportive software platforms. is a software for the creation and simulation of large scale networks of detailed microcircuits consisting of multicompartmental neuron models. We have developed an extension to to incorporate neuromodulation in large scale simulations. The extended framework implements neuromodulation at the level of single cells incorporated into large-scale microcircuits. We also developed , a software for optimizing neuromodulation in detailed multicompartmental neuron models. The software adds parameters within the models modulating the conductances of ion channels and ionotropic receptors. Bath application of neuromodulators is simulated and models which reproduce the experimentally measured effects are selected. In , we developed an extension to accommodate large scale simulations of neuromodulation. The simulator has two modes of simulation - denoted and . In the mode, transient levels of neuromodulators can be defined as a time-varying function which modulates the receptors and ion channels within the network in a cell-type specific manner. In the mode, spiking neuromodulatory neurons are connected via integrative modulating mechanisms to ion channels and receptors. Both modes of simulating neuromodulation allow for simultaneous modulation by several neuromodulators that can interact dynamically with each other. Here, we used the software to simulate dopaminergic and muscarinic modulation of neurons from the striatum. We also demonstrate how to simulate different neuromodulatory states with dopamine and acetylcholine using All software is freely available on Github, including tutorials on and
神经调节存在于整个神经系统中，对电路功能和动态起着至关重要的作用。大规模网络中神经调节的计算研究需要支持性的软件平台。 是一个用于创建和模拟由多腔室神经元模型组成的大规模详细微电路网络的软件。我们已经开发了一个扩展到 以在大规模模拟中纳入神经调节。扩展的 框架在单个细胞水平上实现神经调节，这些细胞被整合到大规模微电路中。我们还开发了 ，这是一个用于优化详细多腔室神经元模型中神经调节的软件。该软件在模型中添加了调节离子通道和离子型受体电导的参数。模拟神经调质的浴液应用，并选择重现实验测量效果的模型。在 中，我们开发了一个扩展，以适应神经调节的大规模模拟。该模拟器有两种模拟模式-分别表示为 和 。在 模式下，可以将神经调质的瞬态水平定义为随时间变化的函数，以特定于细胞类型的方式调节网络中的受体和离子通道。在 模式下，放电神经调质神经元通过整合调节机制连接到离子通道和受体。这两种模拟神经调节的模式都允许同时由几种可以相互动态交互的神经调质进行调制。在这里，我们使用 软件模拟来自纹状体的神经元的多巴胺能和毒蕈碱调节。我们还展示了如何使用 和 模拟多巴胺和乙酰胆碱的不同神经调节状态。所有软件均可在 Github 上免费获得，包括 和 的教程
