Engineering Production of a Novel Diterpene Synthase Precursor in .

Diterpene biosynthesis commonly originates with the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in chloroplasts, leading to the C substrate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The previous work demonstrated that over-expression of genes responsible for the first and last steps in the MEP pathway in combination with () and () is optimal for increasing flux through to casbene in . When the gene responsible for the last step in the MEP pathway, (), is removed from this combination, casbene is still produced but at lower amounts. Here, we report the unexpected finding that this reduced gene combination also results in the production of 16-hydroxy-casbene (16-OH-casbene), consistent with the presence of 16-hydroxy-geranylgeranyl phosphate (16-OH-GGPP) in the same material. Indirect evidence suggests the latter is formed as a result of elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) caused by a bottleneck at the HDR step responsible for conversion of HMBPP to dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Over-expression of a from produces 16-hydroxy-geranyllinalool (16-OH-geranyllinalool) when transiently expressed with the same reduced combination of MEP pathway genes in . This work highlights the importance of pathway flux control in metabolic pathway engineering and the possibility of increasing terpene diversity through synthetic biology.