Nanda Mehak, Sharma Rajesh
University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Vivek Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi, India.
Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021 Oct-Dec;12:100882. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100882. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
This study focuses on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Europe and investigates public health response in severely hit countries.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and Health System Response Monitor were referred. The relationship between stringency index and COVID-19 cases, and between speed of stringency implementation and growth of cases was examined using linear regression.
The case-fatality ratio (CFR) of Europe (2.35%) was higher than the global CFR (2.2%). United Kingdom, Russia, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany together, accounted for 61.15% of cases and 65.62% of deaths in Europe. Significant relationship was observed between growth of COVID-19 cases and late substantive stringency imposed by countries. Population aged 65 and above (r = 0.9037, p < 0.01) and male population (r = 0.8701, p < 0.01) were significantly and positively correlated with COVID-19 deaths. The public health system of even big European countries encountered roadblocks, such as shortages of healthcare resources and deferral of non-COVID-19 treatments while dealing with the unprecedented pandemic.
Even big and richest European countries delayed the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions which led to rapid virus transmission. The pandemic has posed a reminder to make the public health system more resilient, as epidemics and pandemics of this nature will continue to threaten in future as well.
本研究聚焦于欧洲新冠肺炎的流行病学，并调查疫情严重国家的公共卫生应对措施。
参考了欧洲疾病预防与控制中心、牛津大学新冠肺炎政府应对追踪器和卫生系统应对监测器的数据。使用线性回归分析了严格指数与新冠肺炎病例之间的关系，以及严格措施实施速度与病例增长之间的关系。
欧洲的病死率（2.35%）高于全球病死率（2.2%）。英国、俄罗斯、法国、意大利、西班牙和德国合计占欧洲病例的61.15%和死亡的65.62%。观察到新冠肺炎病例增长与各国后期实施的实质性严格措施之间存在显著关系。65岁及以上人群（r = 0.9037，p < 0.01）和男性人群（r = 0.8701，p < 0.01）与新冠肺炎死亡显著正相关。即使是欧洲大国的公共卫生系统在应对这一前所未有的疫情时也遇到了障碍，如医疗资源短缺和非新冠肺炎治疗的推迟。
即使是欧洲的大国和最富裕国家也推迟了非药物干预措施的实施，这导致了病毒的快速传播。这场疫情提醒人们要让公共卫生系统更具韧性，因为这种性质的流行病和大流行在未来仍将继续构成威胁。
