Chirurgia (Bucur). 2021 Oct;116(eCollection):1-9. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.116.eC.2607.
Neurosurgery is a medical speciality that diagnoses and treats brain and spine pathologies of infants, children, and adults, having 2 components: clinical and surgical activities. The history of neurosurgery dates back to the Prehistoric Period when first trepanations took place. However, the extensive amount of information we use today was discovered and invented thanks to Joseph Lister (1827-1912), William T.G. Morton (1819-1868) and Pierre Paul Broca (1823-1880) who implemented systematic antisepsis rules, anaesthesia and, respectively, the localization of different areas of the brain. Nevertheless, professors such as Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) and Gazi Yasargil (n.1925) are responsible for the definition of neurosurgery as a stand-alone surgical specialty and the significant improvement of the surgical techniques. Moreover, Professor Dumitru Bagdasar (1893-1946) is the one responsible for the introduction of neurosurgery in Romania, training a "golden neurosurgeon team" who are remarked as the first neurosurgeons of Romania. Even though it is such a new medical field, a vast amount of theoretical and practical study is necessary. Therefore, a student needs dedication and lots of effort to achieve perfection in one of the most complex medical speciality, requiring more than 100 exams and over 14,900 hours of practice during the 6 years of medical school and 6 years of neurosurgical residency. Still, even if it seems a lot at first, the moral rewards stand out in the end due to the significant contrast between the preoperative and postoperative condition of the patient. Nevertheless, some of the students might be negatively influenced by family and friends through different myths that neurosurgery is a goal that is almost impossible to be achieved since the amount of practice and sacrifices it requires are a lot bigger than other medical specialities. In conclusion, neurosurgery accomplished to overcome the mystery of the human brain and developed at a fast pace. Today, neurosurgeons around the world treat more and more pathologies that seemed incurable and inoperable 100 years ago.
神经外科学是一门医学专业，诊断和治疗婴儿、儿童和成人的脑和脊柱疾病，有 2 个组成部分：临床和外科活动。神经外科学的历史可以追溯到史前时期，当时首次进行了颅骨切开术。然而，我们今天使用的大量信息是由约瑟夫·李斯特（Joseph Lister，1827-1912 年）、威廉·T.G.莫顿（William T.G. Morton，1819-1868 年）和皮埃尔·保罗·布罗卡（Pierre Paul Broca，1823-1880 年）发现和发明的，他们实施了系统的消毒规则、麻醉和大脑不同区域的定位。然而，哈维·库欣（Harvey Cushing，1869-1939 年）和加齐·亚萨吉尔（Gazi Yasargil，生于 1925 年）等教授负责将神经外科学定义为一个独立的外科专业，并显著提高了手术技术。此外，杜米特鲁·巴格达斯（Dumitru Bagdasar，1893-1946 年）教授负责将神经外科学引入罗马尼亚，培养了一支“黄金神经外科团队”，他们被认为是罗马尼亚的第一代神经外科医生。尽管这是一个如此新的医学领域，但需要进行大量的理论和实践研究。因此，学生需要奉献精神和大量的努力，才能在最复杂的医学专业之一中达到完美，在医学院的 6 年和神经外科住院医师的 6 年中需要完成超过 100 次考试和超过 14900 小时的实践。尽管一开始看起来很多，但由于患者术前和术后状况的显著对比，道德上的回报最终会脱颖而出。然而，一些学生可能会受到家庭和朋友的负面影响，因为他们相信神经外科学是一个几乎不可能实现的目标，因为它需要的实践和牺牲比其他医学专业要多得多。总之，神经外科学成功地揭开了人类大脑的神秘面纱，并迅速发展。如今，世界各地的神经外科医生治疗的疾病越来越多，这些疾病在 100 年前似乎是无法治愈和无法手术的。
