Department of Nutrition Science, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
Eat Weight Disord. 2022 Jun;27(5):1835-1845. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01327-w. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Previous studies have shown an association between diet quality and sleep quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between modified Nordic diet with sleep quality and circadian rhythm in overweight and obese woman.
We enrolled 399 overweight and obese women (body mass index (BMI): 25-40 kg/m), aged 18-48 years, in this cross-sectional study. For each participant, anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and food intake were evaluated. Sleep quality and circadian rhythm was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) questionnaire. Modified Nordic diet score was measured using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Overall, 51.7% of the subjects were good sleepers (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) < 5) while 48.3% were poor sleepers (PSQI ≥ 5). Moreover, participants were divided into five groups of MEQ, namely, completely morning 8 (2.4%), rarely morning 82 (24.8%), normal 196 (59.2%), rarely evening 43 (13%), and completely evening 2 (0.6%). After controlling for confounders, there was a significant association between poor sleep quality and the modified Nordic diet (OR = 0.80, %95 CI = 0.66-0.98, P = 0.01). Moreover, a significant positive association was observed between the completely morning and modified Nordic diet (OR = 1.80, %95 CI = 0.54-6.00, P = 0.03), in addition to a significant inverse association between the completely evening type and modified Nordic diet (OR = 0.16, %95 CI = 0.002-5.41, P = 0.02).
The present study indicated that higher adherence to a modified Nordic diet reduces poor sleep quality. Also, the completely morning type was associated with higher adherence to a modified Nordic diet, and completely evening type was associated with lower adherence to a modified Nordic diet.
Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis.
既往研究表明饮食质量与睡眠质量之间存在关联。本研究旨在探讨改良北欧饮食与超重和肥胖女性睡眠质量和昼夜节律之间的关系。
我们招募了 399 名超重和肥胖女性（体重指数（BMI）：25-40 kg/m²），年龄 18-48 岁，进行了这项横断面研究。对每位参与者进行人体测量、生化检查和饮食摄入评估。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）和晨间-晚间问卷（MEQ）问卷评估睡眠质量和昼夜节律。改良北欧饮食评分采用经过验证的 147 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）进行测量。
总体而言，51.7%的受试者为睡眠质量良好者（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）<5），48.3%为睡眠质量差者（PSQI≥5）。此外，参与者被分为 MEQ 五组，即完全晨型 8 人（2.4%）、很少晨型 82 人（24.8%）、正常型 196 人（59.2%）、很少晚型 43 人（13%）和完全晚型 2 人（0.6%）。在控制混杂因素后，睡眠质量差与改良北欧饮食呈显著负相关（OR=0.80，95%CI=0.66-0.98，P=0.01）。此外，完全晨型与改良北欧饮食呈显著正相关（OR=1.80，95%CI=0.54-6.00，P=0.03），完全晚型与改良北欧饮食呈显著负相关（OR=0.16，95%CI=0.002-5.41，P=0.02）。
本研究表明，较高的改良北欧饮食依从性可降低睡眠质量差的风险。此外，完全晨型与较高的改良北欧饮食依从性相关，而完全晚型与较低的改良北欧饮食依从性相关。
四级，来源于多个时间序列分析的证据。
