Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
J Pineal Res. 2020 Oct;69(3):e12682. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12682. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Almost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24-h. These endogenous time keeping mechanisms are called circadian clocks. The main function of these circadian clocks is to drive overt circadian rhythms in the physiology of the organisms to ensure that main physiological functions are in synchrony with the external environment. Disruption of circadian rhythms caused by genetic or environmental factors has long-term consequences for metabolic health. Of relevance, host circadian rhythmicity and lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and the circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay may involve in the development of obesity. Multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms, such as hormones (ie, melatonin, leptin, and glucocorticoid), the gut microbiome, and energy metabolism, link the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, and predictably, the deregulation of circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay can increase the risk of obesity, which in turn may exacerbate circadian disorganization. Feeding time and dietary nutrients are two of key environmental Zeitgebers affecting the circadian rhythm-lipid metabolism interplay, and the influencing mechanisms in obesity development are highlighted in this review. Together, the characterization of the clock machinery in lipid metabolism aimed at producing a healthy circadian lifestyle may improve obesity care.
几乎所有的生物都进化出了自动调节的转录-翻译反馈回路，产生大约 24 小时周期的振荡。这些内源性的计时机制被称为生物钟。这些生物钟的主要功能是驱动生物体生理的明显的昼夜节律，以确保主要的生理功能与外部环境同步。遗传或环境因素引起的昼夜节律紊乱对代谢健康有长期影响。值得注意的是，宿主的昼夜节律性和脂质代谢之间的相互作用被越来越多地认识到，生物钟-脂质代谢的相互作用可能与肥胖的发展有关。多种系统和分子机制，如激素（即褪黑素、瘦素和糖皮质激素）、肠道微生物组和能量代谢，将生物钟和脂质代谢联系起来，可以预测，生物钟-脂质代谢相互作用的失调会增加肥胖的风险，而肥胖反过来又可能加剧昼夜节律紊乱。进食时间和膳食营养素是影响昼夜节律-脂质代谢相互作用的两个关键环境授时因子，本综述强调了它们在肥胖发生中的影响机制。总之，对脂质代谢中时钟机制的特征分析旨在产生健康的昼夜节律生活方式，可能改善肥胖症的治疗。
