说话者变异性在非母语语音学习中的作用：系统评价与荟萃分析
The Role of Talker Variability in Nonnative Phonetic Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者信息
Zhang Xiaojuan, Cheng Bing, Zhang Yang
机构信息
English Department & Language and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences and Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Dec 13;64(12):4802-4825. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00181. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
PURPOSE
High-variability phonetic training (HVPT) has been found to be effective on adult second language (L2) learning, but results are mixed in regards to the benefit of multiple talkers over single talker. This study provides a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the talker variability effect in nonnative phonetic learning and the factors moderating the effect.
METHOD
We collected studies with keyword search in major academic databases including EBSCO, ERIC, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Elsevier, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science. We identified potential participant-, training-, and study-related moderators and conducted a random-effects model meta-analysis for each individual variable.
RESULTS
On the basis of 18 studies with a total of 549 participants, we obtained a small-level summary effect size (Hedges' = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.08, 0.84]) for the immediate training outcomes, which was greatly reduced ( = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.46, 0.37]) after removal of outliers and correction for publication bias, whereas the effect size for immediate perceptual gains was nearly medium ( = 0.56, 95% CI [0.13, 1.00]) compared with the nonsignificant production gains. Critically, the summary effect sizes for generalizations to new talkers ( = 0.72, 95% CI [0.15, 1.29]) and for long-term retention ( = 1.09, 95% CI [0.39, 1.78]) were large. Moreover, the training program length and the talker presentation format were found to potentially moderate the immediate perceptual gains and generalization outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study presents the first meta-analysis on the role of talker variability in nonnative phonetic training, which demonstrates the heterogeneity and limitations of research on this topic. The results highlight the need for further investigation of the influential factors and underlying mechanisms for the presence or absence of talker variability effects. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16959388.
目的
高变异性语音训练（HVPT）已被证明对成人第二语言（L2）学习有效，但关于多说话者训练相较于单说话者训练的益处，研究结果不一。本研究通过系统综述和荟萃分析，探讨非母语语音学习中说话者变异性的影响以及调节该影响的因素。
方法
我们在包括EBSCO、ERIC、MEDLINE、ProQuest学位论文数据库、爱思唯尔、Scopus、Wiley在线图书馆和科学网在内的主要学术数据库中进行关键词搜索，收集相关研究。我们确定了潜在的与参与者、训练和研究相关的调节因素，并对每个变量进行随机效应模型荟萃分析。
结果
基于18项研究，共549名参与者，我们得出即时训练结果的小效应量汇总（Hedges'g = 0.46，95%置信区间[CI；0.08，0.84]），去除异常值并校正发表偏倚后，效应量大幅降低（g = -0.04，95% CI [-0.46，0.37]），而即时感知增益的效应量与不显著的产出增益相比接近中等（g = 0.56，95% CI [0.13，1.00]）。关键的是，对新说话者的泛化（g = 0.72，95% CI [0.15，1.29]）和长期保持（g = 1.09，95% CI [0.39，1.78]）的汇总效应量较大。此外，发现训练项目时长和说话者呈现形式可能调节即时感知增益和泛化结果。
结论
我们的研究首次对说话者变异性在非母语语音训练中的作用进行了荟萃分析，揭示了该主题研究的异质性和局限性。结果强调需要进一步研究说话者变异性效应存在或不存在的影响因素和潜在机制。补充材料https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16959388 。
Zotero 插件