Luo Ting, Wang Rui, Wang Chuan-Chao
Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Ann Hum Biol. 2021 Aug;48(5):418-429. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2021.2005825.
Hmong-Mien speaking Miao, also called Hmong, is the sixth largest ethnic group in mainland China. However, the fine-scale genetic profiles and population history of Miao populations in southwest China, especially in Guizhou province, remain uncharacterised due to a scarcity of samples of genome-wide data from different tribes.
To further investigate the population substructure and admixture history of the Guizhou Miao minority.
We collected 29 samples from three Miao tribes of Guizhou province in southwest China and genotyped about 700,000 genome-wide SNPs of each sample. We analysed newly generated data in together with published modern/ancient East Asian populations datasets a series of population genetic methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, Fst, TreeMix, statistics and
PCA and ADMIXTURE results showed that the three studied Guizhou Miao groups consistently fell on the Hmong-Mien-related genetic cline and were relatively genetically homogeneous, displaying a genetic affinity with neighbouring Tai-Kadai speaking populations such as Dong. These results were further confirmed by the observed genetic clade in Fst, TreeMix, outgroup--statistics, and -statistics. Furthermore, -based allele sharing patterns illustrated that compared with Hunan Miao in central China, Guizhou Miao shared more alleles with Hmong-Mien-speaking Vietnam Hmong and Tai-Kadai-speaking CoLao, Dong, while exhibiting less northeast Asian-related ancestry. Admixture- and -statistics revealed the North-South admixture pattern for the studied Guizhou Miao. A -based two-way admixture model further revealed that the studied Guizhou Miao harboured 44%-55.4% indigenous Austronesian-speaking Atayal-related ancestry and 44.6%-56% Late Neolithic Yellow River farmer-related ancestry.
The population structure within Hmong-Mien-related populations showed a geographic correlation. Hmong-Mien speaking Hunan Miao, Guizhou Miao, and Vietnam Hmong presented close genetic relationships although they dwelt in different regions, suggesting the preservation of the original Hmong-related genetic diversity. The results based on genome-wide SNPs data generally matched the migration history for the Miao population. Our study contributes to a better knowledge of Miao populations and the population structure in southwest China.
说苗瑶语的苗族，也被称为“芒”，是中国大陆第六大少数民族。然而，由于缺乏来自不同部落的全基因组数据样本，中国西南部尤其是贵州省苗族的精细遗传图谱和群体历史仍未得到描述。
进一步研究贵州苗族的群体亚结构和混合历史。
我们从中国西南部贵州省的三个苗族部落收集了29个样本，并对每个样本约70万个全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行基因分型。我们将新生成的数据与已发表的现代/古代东亚人群数据集一起，采用一系列群体遗传学方法进行分析，包括主成分分析（PCA）、ADMIXTURE、Fst、TreeMix、外群统计和……统计。
主成分分析和ADMIXTURE结果显示，所研究的三个贵州苗族群体始终位于与苗瑶语族相关的遗传谱系上，并且在遗传上相对同质，与相邻的说侗台语的群体如侗族表现出遗传亲和力。Fst、TreeMix、外群统计和……统计中观察到的遗传分支进一步证实了这些结果。此外，基于……的等位基因共享模式表明，与中国中部的湖南苗族相比，贵州苗族与说苗瑶语的越南苗族和说侗台语的仡佬族、侗族共享更多等位基因，同时表现出较少的与东北亚相关的祖先成分。混合分析和……统计揭示了所研究的贵州苗族的南北混合模式。基于……的双向混合模型进一步揭示，所研究的贵州苗族含有44% - 55.4%的与南岛语系阿美族相关的本土祖先成分和44.6% - 56%的新石器时代晚期黄河流域农民相关的祖先成分。
苗瑶语族相关群体的群体结构呈现出地理相关性。说苗瑶语的湖南苗族、贵州苗族和越南苗族尽管居住在不同地区，但呈现出密切的遗传关系，这表明原始的与苗族相关的遗传多样性得以保留。基于全基因组SNP数据的结果总体上与苗族群体的迁徙历史相匹配。我们的研究有助于更好地了解苗族群体以及中国西南部的群体结构。
