Maricopa Unified School District 1, 44150 W Maricopa-Casa Grande Hwy, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA.
Counseling Psychology and Special Education, 340 MCKB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;18(21):11384. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111384.
Each year in the United States, 7000 to 30,000 children experience their parent's suicide. Due to the stigma associated with suicide, feelings of guilt, and intense grief, surviving family members avoid talking about suicide. Over time, children struggle with confusion and intense emotions associated with their parent's suicide. In this study, seven adults, who reported being younger than six years old at the time of their father's suicide, participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Participants' responses highlight the challenges that young children face due to limited memories of their deceased parent. Interviews concluded with an opportunity for participants to review and express their impressions of 10 children's picture books. Participants offered impressions about how these books may or may not be helpful in supporting young child survivors. Implications for applied practice include considering how children's literature may open communication and assist children in navigating Worden's tasks of grief: (a) accepting the reality of their parent's death; (b) facing the grief and pain; (c) adapting to life changes due to their father's suicide, in particular adapting to altered family relationships; and (d) building memories of the deceased loved one, when possible, to ensure healthy attachment to the deceased parent. Participants' insights provide considerations for selecting children's literature for bibliotherapy. Due to young child survivors' increased risk for attempting and completing suicide, supporting child survivors of parent suicide not only addresses postvention needs but aligns with suicide prevention.
在美国,每年有 7000 至 30000 名儿童经历父母的自杀。由于与自杀相关的耻辱感、内疚感和强烈的悲痛,幸存的家庭成员避免谈论自杀。随着时间的推移,孩子们会感到困惑,并因父母的自杀而产生强烈的情绪。在这项研究中,7 名成年人参与了个人半结构化访谈,他们报告说在父亲自杀时年龄小于 6 岁。参与者的回答突出了由于对已故父母的记忆有限,年幼的孩子所面临的挑战。访谈结束时,参与者有机会回顾和表达他们对 10 本儿童图画书的印象。参与者对这些书在支持年幼的幸存者方面可能有帮助或没有帮助提出了看法。应用实践的意义包括考虑儿童文学如何能够打开沟通渠道,帮助儿童应对 Worden 的悲伤任务:(a)接受父母死亡的现实;(b)面对悲伤和痛苦;(c)适应因父亲自杀而导致的生活变化,特别是适应改变后的家庭关系;(d)在可能的情况下建立对已故亲人的记忆,以确保与已故父母的健康依恋。参与者的见解为选择儿童文学进行阅读疗法提供了考虑因素。由于年幼的幸存者自杀未遂和完成自杀的风险增加,支持父母自杀的儿童幸存者不仅满足了事后预防的需求,而且符合自杀预防的要求。