Amri Mohamad Ridzuan, Md Yasin Faizah, Abdullah Luqman Chuah, Al-Edrus Syeed Saifulazry Osman, Mohamad Siti Fatahiyah
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;13(21):3740. doi: 10.3390/polym13213740.
This work aims to evaluate the performance of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as conductive filler with the presence of 0.5 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, conductivity and thermal properties of jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane. Polyurethane was made from crude jatropha oil using an epoxidation and ring-opening process. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.% GNP and 0.5 wt.% CNF were incorporated using casting method to enhance film performance. Mechanical properties were studied following standard method as stated in ASTM D638-03 Type V. Thermal stability of the nanocomposite system was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Filler interaction and chemical crosslinking was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and film morphology were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Water uptake analysis, water contact angle and conductivity tests are also carried out. The results showed that when the GNP was incorporated at fixed CNF content, it was found to enhance the nanocomposite film, its mechanical, thermal and water behavior properties as supported by morphology and water uptake. Nanocomposite film with 0.5 wt.% GNP shows the highest improvement in term of tensile strength, Young's modulus, thermal degradation and water behavior. As the GNP loading increases, water uptake of the nanocomposite film was found relatively small (<1%). Contact angle test also indicates that the film is hydrophobic with addition of GNP. The conductivity properties of the nanocomposite film were not enhanced due to electrostatic repulsion force between GNP sheet and hard segment of WBPU. Overall, with addition of GNP, mechanical and thermal properties was greatly enhanced. However, conductivity value was not enhanced as expected due to electrostatic repulsion force. Therefore, ternary nanocomposite system is a suitable candidate for coating application.
本研究旨在评估石墨烯纳米片（GNP）作为导电填料，在存在0.5 wt.%纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）的情况下，对麻风树油基水性聚氨酯的物理、机械、导电性和热性能的影响。聚氨酯由粗麻风树油通过环氧化和开环工艺制成。采用流延法加入0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 wt.%的GNP和0.5 wt.%的CNF，以提高薄膜性能。按照ASTM D638-03 V型标准方法研究机械性能。使用热重分析（TGA）研究纳米复合体系的热稳定性。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）监测填料相互作用和化学交联，并用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）观察薄膜形态。还进行了吸水率分析、水接触角和电导率测试。结果表明，当在固定的CNF含量下加入GNP时，发现它能增强纳米复合薄膜及其机械、热和水行为性能，这得到了形态学和吸水率的支持。含0.5 wt.% GNP的纳米复合薄膜在拉伸强度、杨氏模量、热降解和水行为方面表现出最高的改善。随着GNP负载量的增加，发现纳米复合薄膜的吸水率相对较小（<1%）。接触角测试还表明，添加GNP后薄膜具有疏水性。由于GNP片层与WBPU硬段之间的静电排斥力，纳米复合薄膜的导电性能没有得到增强。总体而言，添加GNP后，机械性能和热性能得到了极大提高。然而，由于静电排斥力，电导率值没有如预期那样提高。因此，三元纳米复合体系是涂层应用的合适候选材料。
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