Calderón-Acevedo Camilo A, Bagley Justin C, Muchhala Nathan
Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., 223 Research Bldg., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Boyden Hall 433, Newark, NJ, 07102 USA.
Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., 223 Research Bldg., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, 242 Martin Hall, 700 Pelham Rd North, Jacksonville, AL 36265, USA; Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 W Cary St., Suite 126, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2022 Feb;167:107356. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107356. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
AnouraGray, 1838 are Neotropical nectarivorous bats and the most speciose genus within the phyllostomid subfamily Glossophaginae. However, Anoura species limits remain debated, and phylogenetic relationships remain poorly known, because previous studies used limited Anoura taxon sampling or focused primarily on higher-level relationships. Here, we conduct the first phylogenomic study of Anoura by analyzing 2039 genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) sequenced for 42 individuals from 8 Anoura species/lineages plus two outgroups. Overall, our results based on UCEs resolved relationships in the genus and supported (1) the monophyly of small-bodied Anoura species (previously genus Lonchoglossa); (2) monotypic status of A. caudifer; and (3) nested positions of "A. carishina", A. caudifer aequatoris, and A. geoffroyi peruana specimens within A. latidens, A. caudifer and A. geoffroyi, respectively (suggesting that these taxa are not distinct species). Additionally, (4) phylogenetic networks allowing reticulate edges did not explain gene tree discordance better than the species tree (without introgression), indicating that a coalescent model accounting for discordance solely through incomplete lineage sorting fit our data well. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our species tree results were not adversely affected by varying taxon sampling across loci. Tree calibration and Bayesian coalescent analyses dated the onset of diversification within Anoura to around ∼ 6-9 million years ago in the Miocene, with extant species diverging mainly within the past ∼ 4 million years. We inferred a historical biogeographical scenario for Anoura of parapatric speciation fragmenting the range of a wide-ranging ancestral lineage centered in the Central to Northern Andes, along with Pliocene-Pleistocene dispersal or founder event speciation in Amazonia and the Brazilian Atlantic forest during the last ∼ 2.5 million years.
阿氏长舌蝠属（Anoura Gray，1838）是新热带地区的食蜜蝙蝠，也是叶口蝠科长舌蝠亚科中物种最为丰富的属。然而，阿氏长舌蝠属的物种界限仍存在争议，系统发育关系也鲜为人知，因为以往的研究对阿氏长舌蝠属的分类群采样有限，或者主要关注更高层次的关系。在此，我们通过分析从8个阿氏长舌蝠属物种/谱系的42个个体以及两个外类群中测序得到的2039个全基因组超保守元件（UCEs），首次对阿氏长舌蝠属进行了系统基因组学研究。总体而言，我们基于UCEs的结果解析了该属内的关系，并支持：（1）小型阿氏长舌蝠属物种（以前的长吻长舌蝠属Lonchoglossa）的单系性；（2）长尾阿氏长舌蝠（A. caudifer）的单型地位；（3）“卡里希纳阿氏长舌蝠（A. carishina）”、赤道长尾阿氏长舌蝠（A. caudifer aequatoris）和秘鲁杰氏长舌蝠（A. geoffroyi peruana）标本分别在宽齿阿氏长舌蝠（A. latidens）、长尾阿氏长舌蝠和杰氏长舌蝠（A. geoffroyi）中的嵌套位置（表明这些分类群并非不同的物种）。此外，（4）允许网状分支的系统发育网络并不能比物种树（无基因渗入）更好地解释基因树的不一致性，这表明仅通过不完全谱系分选来解释不一致性的合并模型与我们的数据拟合良好。敏感性分析表明，我们的物种树结果不受跨基因座分类群采样变化的不利影响。树校准和贝叶斯合并分析表明，阿氏长舌蝠属内多样化的开始时间约为中新世的600 - 900万年前，现存物种主要在过去约400万年内分化。我们推断出阿氏长舌蝠属的一个历史生物地理学情景，即邻域物种形成使以安第斯山脉中部到北部为中心的广泛祖先谱系的分布范围碎片化，同时在过去约250万年中，在上新世 - 更新世期间，亚马逊地区和巴西大西洋森林发生了扩散或奠基者事件物种形成。
