Ballenger Brantley K, Hunter Gary R, Fisher Gordon
Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
Clin Hypertens. 2021 Nov 15;27(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s40885-021-00181-3.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the United States, and hypertension is a primary risk factor. Therefore, the primary causes of hypertension need to be identified so they may be addressed for treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure with hemodynamic values and identify factors that may explain blood pressure differences between a cohort of healthy normotensive younger and older women.
Participants were 49 young (age: 33.8 ± 5.9) and 103 old (age: 65.8 ± 4) who were non-hypertensive, had no previous history of heart disease or type 2 diabetes, body mass index less than 30 kg/m, normal electrocardiography response at rest and during exercise, nonsmokers, and no use of medications known to affect cardiovascular or metabolic function. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hemodynamic values measured by non-invasive pulse wave velocity through radial artery tonometry. Markers of inflammation measured through blood sample analysis.
Significant differences exist between young and old groups in %fat (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.001), large artery elasticity (P = 0.005), small artery elasticity (P < 0.001), systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.004), total vascular impedance (P < 0.001), estimated cardiac output (P < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P < 0.001). Using ANCOVA the difference in SBP between age groups was no longer significant after adjusting for small artery elasticity (P < 0.001) and TNF-⍺ (P = 0.041).
These data demonstrate that blood pressure and vascular hemodynamic measures differ significantly between young and old women independent of body composition. Furthermore, these differences may be explained by the inflammation marker TNF-⍺ and/or small artery elasticity.
心血管疾病是美国主要死因之一，高血压是主要危险因素。因此，需要确定高血压的主要病因以便进行针对性治疗。本研究旨在比较血压与血流动力学值，并确定可能解释健康血压正常的年轻和老年女性队列之间血压差异的因素。
参与者为49名年轻女性（年龄：33.8±5.9岁）和103名老年女性（年龄：65.8±4岁），她们均无高血压病史、无心脏病或2型糖尿病病史，体重指数小于30kg/m²，静息和运动时心电图反应正常，不吸烟，未使用已知会影响心血管或代谢功能的药物。通过双能X线吸收法测量身体成分。通过桡动脉张力测量法采用无创脉搏波速度测量血流动力学值。通过血液样本分析测量炎症标志物。
年轻组和老年组在体脂百分比（P<0.001）、收缩压（SBP）（P=0.001）、大动脉弹性（P=0.005）、小动脉弹性（P<0.001）、全身血管阻力（P=0.004）、总血管阻抗（P<0.001）、估计心输出量（P<0.001）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（P<0.001）方面存在显著差异。使用协方差分析，在校正小动脉弹性（P<0.001）和TNF-α（P=0.041）后，年龄组之间SBP的差异不再显著。
这些数据表明，年轻和老年女性之间的血压和血管血流动力学指标存在显著差异，且与身体成分无关。此外，这些差异可能由炎症标志物TNF-α和/或小动脉弹性来解释。
