Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108.
Current Address: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853.
Evolution. 2022 Jan;76(1):158-170. doi: 10.1111/evo.14400. Epub 2021 Dec 5.
Animals recognize familiar individuals to perform a variety of important social behaviors. Social recognition is often mediated by communication between signalers who produce signals that contain identity information and receivers who categorize these signals based on previous experience. We tested two hypotheses about adaptations in signalers and receivers that enable the evolution of social recognition using two species of closely related territorial poison frogs. Male golden rocket frogs (Anomaloglossus beebei) recognize the advertisement calls of conspecific territory neighbors and display a "dear enemy effect" by responding less aggressively to neighbors than strangers, whereas male Kai rocket frogs (Anomaloglossus kaiei) do not. Our results did not support the identity signaling hypothesis: both species produced advertisement calls that contain similar amounts of identity information. Our results did support the identity reception hypothesis: both species exhibited habituation of aggression to playbacks simulating the arrival of a new neighbor, but only golden rocket frogs showed renewed aggression when they subsequently heard calls from a different male. These results suggest that an ancestral mechanism of plasticity in aggression common among frogs has been modified through natural selection to be specific to calls of individual males in golden rocket frogs, enabling a social recognition system.
动物通过识别熟悉的个体来执行各种重要的社会行为。社会识别通常是由信号发送者和信号接收者之间的通信介导的，信号发送者发出包含身份信息的信号，信号接收者根据以往的经验对这些信号进行分类。我们使用两种亲缘关系密切的具有领地性的毒蛙来测试两个关于信号发送者和接收者适应性的假设，这些适应性使社会识别得以进化。雄性金火箭蛙（Anomaloglossus beebei）识别同种领地邻居的求偶鸣叫，并表现出“亲爱的敌人效应”，即对邻居的攻击性比对陌生人的攻击性要小，而雄性凯氏火箭蛙（Anomaloglossus kaiei）则没有。我们的结果并不支持身份信号假说：两种蛙都发出了包含相似数量身份信息的求偶鸣叫。我们的结果确实支持身份接收假说：两种蛙都对模拟新邻居到来的播放叫声表现出攻击性的习惯化，但只有金火箭蛙在随后听到不同雄性的叫声时才会重新表现出攻击性。这些结果表明，青蛙中普遍存在的攻击性可塑性的祖先机制已经通过自然选择被修改，使其专门适用于金火箭蛙中个体雄性的叫声，从而形成了一种社会识别系统。
