Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
RBC bioscience Corp, Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
J Med Microbiol. 2021 Nov;70(11). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001453.
Antimicrobial resistance associated with animal hosts is easily transmitted to humans either by direct contact with resistant organisms or by transferring resistance genes into human pathogens. There are limited studies on antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic elements of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in veterinary hospitals in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant from animals. Between January 2014 and August 2015, 95 multidrug-resistant isolates were obtained from pigs (=66), avians (=18), and other animals (=11) in a veterinary hospital in Taiwan. Susceptibility testing to 24 antimicrobial agents of 14 antimicrobial classes was performed. Antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, and insertion sequences were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequence typing were used to explore the clonal relatedness of the study isolates. Different antimicrobial resistance genes found in these isolates were associated with resistance to β-lactams, tetracycline, phenicols, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides. Fifty-five of 95 isolates (55/95, 57.9 %) were not susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and (11/55, 20.0 %) and (40/55, 72.7 %) were the most common extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC genes, respectively. Both and were present on conjugative plasmids that contained the insertion sequence IS upstream of the genes. Plasmid-mediated FOX-3 β-lactamase-producing was first identified in Taiwan. Forty isolates (40/95, 42 %) with class 1 integrons showed seven resistance phenotypes. Genotyping of 95 isolates revealed 91 different I pulsotypes and 52 different sequence types. PFGE analysis revealed no clonal outbreaks in our study isolates. This study showed a high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypes among MDR isolated from diseased livestock in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plasmid-mediated ESBL in FOX-3 β-lactamase-producing isolates in Taiwan. MDR isolates from animal origins may contaminate the environment, resulting in public health concerns, indicating that MDR isolates from animals need to be continuously investigated.
与动物宿主相关的抗微生物药物耐药性很容易通过直接接触耐药生物或通过将耐药基因转移到人类病原体中而传播给人类。在台湾的兽医医院中，有关抗微生物药物耐药性基因和多药耐药（MDR）遗传因子的研究有限。本研究的目的是调查来自动物的多药耐药菌中的抗微生物药物耐药性基因。2014 年 1 月至 2015 年 8 月，从台湾一家兽医医院的猪（66 株）、禽类（18 株）和其他动物（11 株）中获得了 95 株多药耐药菌。对 14 个抗菌类别的 24 种抗菌药物进行了药敏试验。通过聚合酶链反应和核苷酸测序分析了抗微生物药物耐药基因、整合子和插入序列。脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）和多位点序列分型用于研究分离株的克隆相关性。这些分离株中发现的不同抗微生物药物耐药基因与β-内酰胺类、四环素类、酚类、磺胺类和氨基糖苷类的耐药性有关。95 株分离株中，55 株（55/95，57.9%）对头孢菌素类药物不敏感，而 blaCTX-M-15（11/55，20.0%）和 blaCMY-2（40/55，72.7%）是最常见的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和 AmpC 基因。blaCTX-M-15 和 blaCMY-2 均位于含有 上游插入序列 IS 的可接合质粒上。在台湾首次发现了携带 FOX-3 型β-内酰胺酶的质粒介导的产 FOX-3 型β-内酰胺酶的。40 株（40/95，42%）携带 1 类整合子的分离株显示出 7 种耐药表型。对 95 株分离株的基因分型显示出 91 种不同的 I 脉冲型和 52 种不同的序列型。PFGE 分析显示本研究的分离株未发生克隆爆发。本研究表明，来自台湾患病牲畜的多药耐药菌中存在高度多样化的抗微生物药物耐药基因和基因型。据我们所知，这是台湾首次报道携带 FOX-3 型β-内酰胺酶的质粒介导的 ESBL 。来自动物的多药耐药菌可能会污染环境，从而引发公共卫生问题，这表明需要对来自动物的多药耐药菌进行持续监测。
