Roni Holler, PhD, is Senior Lecturer, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
Idit Chemla, MScOT, is Graduate Student, School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Am J Occup Ther. 2021 Jul 1;75(4). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2021.042986.
To date, little is known about the extent to which occupational therapy practitioners have adopted the core insights of disability studies.
To examine the degree to which occupational therapy practitioners endorse the medical model of disability versus the social model of disability in theory and in practice.
Cross-sectional study.
Physical rehabilitation facilities, ranging from hospital to community settings.
One hundred two Israeli occupational therapy practitioners. Outcomes and Measures: The Orientation toward Disability Scale, constructed for this study, has two dimensions that distinguish between the medical and social models of disability: locus of intervention (the person or environment) and client involvement (extent to which the practitioner fosters the client's autonomy in the rehabilitation process). Each dimension addresses both theoretical and practical endorsements.
Greater support for the social model of disability was mostly evident in the client involvement dimension, whereas support for the medical model of disability was mostly evident in the locus of intervention dimension. Over both dimensions, the medical model of disability was significantly more endorsed in practice than in theory. Work setting and prior exposure to the social model of disability were found to affect practitioners' disability orientation.
Occupational therapy practitioners working in physical rehabilitation are still relatively far from fully adopting the critical insights of the social model of disability. This finding is especially relevant when their actual practice, rather than their theoretical views, is considered and when rehabilitation takes place in out-of-home settings. What This Article Adds: This study offers unique insight into the disability orientation of occupational therapy practitioners, showing a need for more training programs to expose students to the social model of disability. These programs should use critical discussions of the challenges that this model presents to the profession and barriers to implementing it in practice.
迄今为止，人们对职业治疗师在多大程度上采用残疾研究的核心观点知之甚少。
从理论和实践上考察职业治疗师在多大程度上认可残疾的医学模式与社会模式。
横断面研究。
从医院到社区环境的各种物理康复设施。
102 名以色列职业治疗师。
为这项研究构建的残疾取向量表有两个维度，用于区分残疾的医学和社会模式：干预的位置（人或环境）和客户参与（治疗师在康复过程中在多大程度上促进客户的自主性）。每个维度都涉及理论和实践的认可。
对残疾的社会模式的更大支持主要体现在客户参与维度上，而对残疾的医学模式的支持主要体现在干预位置维度上。在这两个维度上，残疾的医学模式在实践中比在理论上更受认可。工作环境和之前接触残疾的社会模式被发现影响治疗师的残疾取向。
在物理康复中工作的职业治疗师在完全采用残疾的社会模式的关键见解方面仍然相对较远。当考虑实际实践而不是理论观点，并且康复发生在家庭环境之外时，这种发现尤其相关。
这项研究提供了职业治疗师残疾取向的独特见解，表明需要更多的培训计划来让学生接触残疾的社会模式。这些计划应利用对该模式给专业带来的挑战以及在实践中实施该模式的障碍进行批判性讨论。
