Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy.
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Feb 1;298(Pt A):604-617. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.019. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Deficits in cognitive functioning, including attention, memory, and executive functions, along with impairments in language production, are present in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) patients during mood phases, but also during euthymia.Verbal fluency tasks (VFTs), being able to evaluate integrity of a wide range of cognitive domains and represent, can be used to screen for these disturbances. Neuroimaging studies, including Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS), have repeatedly showed widespread alterations in the prefrontal and temporal cortex during the performance of VFTs in BD patients. This review aims to summarize the results of NIRS studies that evaluated hemodynamic responses associated with the VFTs in prefrontal and temporal regions in BD patients.
We performed a scoping review of studies evaluating VFT-induced activation in prefrontal and temporal regions in BD patients, and the relationship between NIRS data and various clinical variables.
15 studies met the inclusion criteria. In BD patients, compared to healthy controls, NIRS studies showed hypoactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior temporal regions. Moreover, clinical variables, such as depressive and social adaptation scores, were negatively correlated with hemodynamic responses in prefrontal and temporal regions, while a positive correlation were reported for measures of manic symptoms and impulsivity.
The heterogeneity of the studies in terms of methodology, study design and clinical characteristics of the samples limited the comparability of the findings.
Given its non-invasiveness, good time-resolution and no need of posturalconstraint, NIRS technique could represent a useful tool for the evaluation of prefrontal and temporal haemodynamic correlates of cognitive performances in BD patients.
在心境相期间，双相情感障碍（BD）患者存在认知功能障碍，包括注意力、记忆力和执行功能，以及语言生成障碍。言语流畅性任务（VFT）能够评估广泛的认知领域的完整性，并具有代表性，可用于筛查这些障碍。神经影像学研究，包括近红外光谱（NIRS），反复表明在 BD 患者执行 VFT 期间，前额叶和颞叶皮层广泛改变。本综述旨在总结评估 BD 患者前额叶和颞叶区域 VFT 诱发激活的 NIRS 研究结果，以及 NIRS 数据与各种临床变量之间的关系。
我们对评估 BD 患者前额叶和颞叶区域 VFT 诱导激活以及 NIRS 数据与各种临床变量之间关系的研究进行了范围综述。
符合纳入标准的研究共有 15 项。与健康对照组相比，NIRS 研究显示 BD 患者背外侧前额叶皮层、腹外侧前额叶皮层和前颞叶区域的激活减少。此外，临床变量，如抑郁和社会适应评分，与前额叶和颞叶区域的血流动力学反应呈负相关，而与躁狂症状和冲动性的测量呈正相关。
由于研究方法、研究设计和样本临床特征的异质性，限制了研究结果的可比性。
鉴于其非侵入性、良好的时间分辨率和无需姿势限制，NIRS 技术可能是评估 BD 患者认知表现的前额叶和颞叶血流动力学相关性的有用工具。
