Wu Shengru, Li Xiaoyong, Chen Xiaodong, Zhu Yufei, Yao Junhu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Baoji Farm of Modern Farming, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, PR China.
Anim Nutr. 2021 Dec;7(4):1296-1302. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.007. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
In systematically considering the advantages and disadvantages of complementarity in high or low milk feeding, novel milk feeding schemes involving altering the volume of supplied milk in different stages of the pre-weaning period but maintaining the total milk feeding volume were tested. Twenty-seven newborn male Holstein calves were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatments. Calves in the control (CON) group were fed 7 L of milk daily from 4 to 66 d of age. Calves in the low-high (LH) group were fed 6 L of milk daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was later increased to 7 to 8 L of milk, which served as the early-period low-volume feeding group. The calves in the high-low (HL) group were fed 7 to 8 L daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was decreased to 6 L of milk, which served as the early-period high-volume feeding group. Then all calves were fed 3 L of milk daily from 67 to 70 d of age, weaned at 70 d of age, and then fed starter feed to 100 d of age. All calves had access to the starter feed from 15 to 100 d of age. The diarrheal condition of calves was recorded daily and the growth performance including the starter feed intake and body weight of calves was recorded at 70 and 100 d of age. Then, five 100-d-old calves from each treatment were sampled for measurement of plasma indices, ruminal morphology, and volatile fatty acids. When compared with the CON and LH groups, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased body weight and lower diarrhoeal rate. When compared with the CON group, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased average daily feed intake, ruminal epithelium papillae length, total volatile fatty acids, and percentages of propionate and butyrate. Moreover, the significantly increased plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) content and a trend of decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content ( = 0.083) were also identified in the HL group when compared with the CON group. Overall, the early-period high-volume feeding for calves produced greater body weight gain and a lower incidence of diarrhea.
在系统考虑高奶量或低奶量喂养互补性的优缺点时，测试了新颖的奶量喂养方案，即在断奶前期的不同阶段改变供应奶量，但保持总奶量喂养不变。选择27头新生雄性荷斯坦犊牛并随机分为3组。对照组（CON）的犊牛在4至66日龄时每天喂7升牛奶。高低（LH）组的犊牛开始时每天喂6升牛奶，然后日喂养量增加到7至8升牛奶，该组作为前期低量喂养组。高-低（HL）组的犊牛开始时每天喂7至8升牛奶，然后日喂养量减少到6升牛奶，该组作为前期高量喂养组。然后所有犊牛在67至70日龄时每天喂3升牛奶，70日龄断奶，然后喂开食料至100日龄。所有犊牛在15至100日龄时均可获取开食料。每天记录犊牛的腹泻情况，并在70和100日龄时记录犊牛的生长性能，包括开食料摄入量和体重。然后，从每个处理组中选取5头100日龄的犊牛进行血浆指标、瘤胃形态和挥发性脂肪酸的测定。与CON组和LH组相比，HL组的犊牛体重显著增加，腹泻率较低。与CON组相比，HL组的犊牛平均日采食量、瘤胃上皮乳头长度、总挥发性脂肪酸以及丙酸和丁酸百分比显著增加。此外，与CON组相比，HL组的血浆免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量显著增加，肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量有降低趋势（P = 0.083）。总体而言，犊牛前期高量喂养可使体重增加更多，腹泻发生率更低。
