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眼手协调:避免障碍物时的记忆引导抓取。

Eye-hand coordination: memory-guided grasping during obstacle avoidance.

机构信息

Perception and Action Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.

出版信息

Exp Brain Res. 2022 Feb;240(2):453-466. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06271-w. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Abstract

When reaching to grasp previously seen, now out-of-view objects, we rely on stored perceptual representations to guide our actions, likely encoded by the ventral visual stream. So-called memory-guided actions are numerous in daily life, for instance, as we reach to grasp a coffee cup hidden behind our morning newspaper. Little research has examined obstacle avoidance during memory-guided grasping, though it is possible obstacles with increased perceptual salience will provoke exacerbated avoidance maneuvers, like exaggerated deviations in eye and hand position away from obtrusive obstacles. We examined the obstacle avoidance strategies adopted as subjects reached to grasp a 3D target object under visually-guided (closed loop or open loop with full vision prior to movement onset) and memory-guided (short- or long-delay) conditions. On any given trial, subjects reached between a pair of flanker obstacles to grasp a target object. The positions and widths of the obstacles were manipulated, though their inner edges remained a constant distance apart. While reach and grasp behavior was consistent with the obstacle avoidance literature, in that reach, grasp, and gaze positions were biased away from obstacles most obtrusive to the reaching hand, our results reveal distinctive avoidance approaches undertaken depend on the availability of visual feedback. Contrary to expectation, we found subjects reaching to grasp after a long delay in the absence of visual feedback failed to modify their final fixation and grasp positions to accommodate the different positions of obstacles, demonstrating a more moderate, rather than exaggerative, obstacle avoidance strategy.

摘要

当伸手去抓之前看到的、现在不在视野中的物体时,我们依赖于存储的感知表征来指导我们的动作,这些感知表征可能是由腹侧视觉流编码的。在日常生活中,有很多所谓的记忆引导动作,例如,当我们伸手去抓隐藏在晨报后面的咖啡杯时。虽然在记忆引导抓握过程中避免障碍物的研究很少,但有可能增加感知显著性的障碍物会引发更剧烈的回避动作,例如眼睛和手的位置远离障碍物的夸张偏差。我们研究了在视觉引导(在运动开始前进行闭环或开环的完全视觉)和记忆引导(短延迟或长延迟)条件下,被试伸手抓三维目标物体时采用的障碍物回避策略。在任何给定的试验中,被试伸手在一对侧翼障碍物之间抓取目标物体。障碍物的位置和宽度是可以操纵的,尽管它们的内边缘之间保持固定的距离。虽然伸手和抓握行为与障碍物回避文献一致,即伸手、抓握和注视位置偏向于最妨碍伸手的障碍物,但我们的结果表明,根据视觉反馈的可用性,回避方式是不同的。出乎意料的是,我们发现,在没有视觉反馈的情况下,长时间延迟伸手去抓的被试未能调整其最终注视和抓握位置以适应障碍物的不同位置,这表明他们采取了一种更为温和而非夸张的障碍物回避策略。

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