Nuria Menéndez Álvarez, MS, is PhD Student, Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;
Emiliano Diez Villoria, PhD, is Associate Professor and Researcher, Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Am J Occup Ther. 2021 Nov 1;75(6). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2021.049050.
For the first time in recent history, people worldwide have faced severe restrictions in occupations because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.
To determine the limitations on participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students during "lockdown" and their impact on social determinants of health.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted via an online survey.
A total of 488 occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in North America, South America, and Europe. Outcomes and Measures: A questionnaire consisting of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and items developed to assess the impact of lockdown on daily life was emailed to occupational therapy professional associations, organizations, and universities between April and June 2020. It was available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and met all the parameters listed in the Declaration of Helsinki.
The roles and routines of people across the developed world have been affected by lockdown measures. The study shows marked differences between participants in the domains of getting along and life activities, as well as influence on the environment. Moreover, South American participants experienced these difficulties to a greater extent than European participants.
This study quantifies the limitations in the participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students and the relationship of occupation to social determinants of health. What This Article Adds: The results of this research corroborate the relationship between health and occupation and highlight elements, such as the environment and context, that are important in occupational therapy. Therapists' ability to analyze occupation in relation to contextual and cultural factors will benefit clients.
由于各国政府为遏制 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）危机而采取的措施，全球范围内的人们首次面临职业活动的严重限制。
确定职业治疗师和职业治疗学生在“封锁”期间参与的限制及其对健康的社会决定因素的影响。
通过在线调查进行的横断面描述性研究。
来自北美、南美和欧洲的共 488 名职业治疗师和职业治疗学生。
一份问卷，包含世界卫生组织残疾评估表 2.0 版和国际功能、残疾和健康分类，以及为评估封锁对日常生活的影响而制定的项目，通过电子邮件发送给职业治疗专业协会、组织和大学，时间为 2020 年 4 月至 6 月。它有英语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语版本，符合《赫尔辛基宣言》列出的所有参数。
世界各地人们的角色和日常生活都受到封锁措施的影响。研究表明，参与者在相处和生活活动领域以及对环境的影响方面存在显著差异。此外，南美参与者比欧洲参与者更能感受到这些困难。
这项研究量化了职业治疗师和职业治疗学生参与的限制以及职业与健康的社会决定因素之间的关系。本研究的重要意义在于：验证了健康与职业之间的关系，并强调了环境和背景等在职业治疗中重要的元素。治疗师能够分析与环境和文化因素有关的职业，这将使客户受益。
