[Splenectomy for the treatment of common variable immunodeficiency complicated with cytopenia: report of one case and literature review].

To improve the understanding of splenectomy for treating common variable immunodeficiency complicated with cytopenia. A case of common variable immunodeficiency complicated with cytopenia was reported, and the literature was reviewed. The patient, female, 16 years old, was hospitalized for eight years due to thrombocytopenia; she manifested recurrent thrombocytopenia with leukopenia since adolescence. The patient was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency with repeated mild infections, splenomegaly, and significantly reduced plasma immunoglobulin levels. Additionally, splenectomy was performed with adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and the pathology confirmed hypersplenism; her blood cell level returned to normal after surgery. Common variable immunodeficiency has various clinical manifestations and can be complicated with cytopenia. Under the premise of adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, splenectomy is a safe and effective treatment for common variable immunodeficiency in patients with recurrent cytopenia.