Calleja-Bueno Lydia, Sainz Ángel, García-Sancho Mercedes, González-Martín Juan V, Díaz-Regañón David, Rodríguez-Franco Fernando, Agulla Beatriz, Tormo Bárbara, Villaescusa Alejandra
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jul;69(4):e1090-e1100. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14394. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Bovine vector-borne diseases have a considerable economic impact worldwide and affect health of humans and animals. However, different aspects of their epidemiology and their pathogenesis remain unclear. Despite the frequent description of clinical cases reported by practitioners attending cattle from Madrid, Central Spain, molecular prevalence of Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. has not been described. The aim of this study was to assess the positivity rate of A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. centrale, B. bigemina and B. divergens in livestock of this area and to evaluate the existence of associations between these pathogens and haematological, biochemical and epidemiological data. Babesia divergens and A. phagocytophilum were detected for the first time in cattle from Madrid. Their positivity percentages were low (2.2% ± 1.4% and 1.8% ± 1.2%, respectively), but this description is of special interest, as these agents are potentially zoonotic. Both agents were found in areas of higher altitude and relative humidity and lower temperature. The detection of ticks in livestock during the moment of sampling was confirmed as a risk factor for these infections. Anaplasma marginale showed the highest molecular infection rate (30% ± 4.1%) in this study, followed by B. bigemina (21.9% ± 3.7%). Higher positivity rates of A. marginale and B. bigemina were found in the areas of mountain climate and warm-summer continental Mediterranean climate. The use of ectoparasiticide treatment was found as a risk factor for infection by A. marginale and B. bigemina. This finding could lead to reconsider the ectoparasiticide protocols that are used nowadays. Grazing on pastures with domestic or wild ruminants and the presence of wild carnivores were associated with higher rates of infection by these four agents and coinfections were frequently found.
牛媒传播疾病在全球范围内具有相当大的经济影响，并影响人类和动物的健康。然而，其流行病学和发病机制的不同方面仍不清楚。尽管西班牙中部马德里的兽医经常报告牛的临床病例，但尚未描述无形体属和巴贝斯虫属的分子流行情况。本研究的目的是评估该地区家畜中嗜吞噬细胞无形体、边缘无形体、中央无形体、双芽巴贝斯虫和分歧巴贝斯虫的阳性率，并评估这些病原体与血液学、生化和流行病学数据之间的关联。在马德里的牛中首次检测到分歧巴贝斯虫和嗜吞噬细胞无形体。它们的阳性率较低（分别为2.2%±1.4%和1.8%±1.2%），但这一描述特别有趣，因为这些病原体具有潜在的人畜共患病性。这两种病原体都在海拔较高、相对湿度较大和温度较低的地区被发现。采样时家畜身上蜱虫的检测被确认为这些感染的一个危险因素。在本研究中，边缘无形体的分子感染率最高（30%±4.1%），其次是双芽巴贝斯虫（21.9%±3.7%）。在山地气候和夏季温暖的大陆性地中海气候地区，边缘无形体和双芽巴贝斯虫的阳性率较高。发现使用体外寄生虫治疗是边缘无形体和双芽巴贝斯虫感染的一个危险因素。这一发现可能导致重新考虑目前使用的体外寄生虫防治方案。与家养或野生反刍动物一起在牧场放牧以及野生食肉动物的存在与这四种病原体的较高感染率相关，并且经常发现混合感染。
