Psychiatric Inpatient Unit at San Carlo Hospital of Potenza, Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Via Petrone, 85100 Potenza, Italy,
Psychiatr Danub. 2021 Fall;33(3):261-265. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2021.261.
Schizoid personality disorder (SZPD) is a Cluster A personality disorder whose essential feature is a lifelong pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. Although SZPD has been in every edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, empirical research on this disorder is actually limited, due to the fact that SZPD is rarely encountered in clinical settings. In fact, individuals with SZPD rarely present for treatment, as their isolation is often ego-syntonic; therefore, the prevalence of SZPD is not clearly established. Suicide ideation may be a running theme for individuals with SZPD. However, suicidality in SZPD is actually an underestimated topic. Aiming to draw more attention to this underestimated issue, with this paper the authors intend to provide a list of studies on suicidality in individuals with SZPD or traits, in the form of a clinical mini-review. Reported studies show that an underlying SZPD, or the presence of schizoid traits too, appear to be definitely a major risk factor for completed suicide and serious suicide attempts. This maladaptive personality disorder seems to not allow the individual to ask for help and to deny him the comforts of intimacy. Therefore, clinicians should be aware that schizoid traits suchs as solitary lifestyle, loneliness, emotional detachment, and impaired communication ability, are features associated with a vulnerability to suicidal behavior. We recommend the clinical assessment of this symptoms' constellation, in order to address patients with SZPD to most proper treatment.
分裂样人格障碍（SZPD）是一种 A 类人格障碍，其主要特征是终生与社会关系脱节和情感表达受限。尽管 SZPD 一直存在于《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》的每一个版本中，但由于 SZPD 在临床环境中很少见，因此对该障碍的实证研究实际上很有限。事实上，患有 SZPD 的人很少会主动寻求治疗，因为他们的孤立通常是自我协调的；因此，SZPD 的患病率并未明确确定。自杀意念可能是 SZPD 患者的一个常见主题。然而，SZPD 中的自杀行为实际上是一个被低估的话题。为了引起对这个被低估问题的更多关注，作者们旨在以临床迷你综述的形式提供一份关于 SZPD 个体或特质的自杀行为的研究列表。报告的研究表明，潜在的 SZPD 或存在分裂样特质，似乎是自杀的一个主要危险因素完成自杀和严重自杀企图。这种适应不良的人格障碍似乎不允许个体寻求帮助，也不允许他获得亲密的安慰。因此，临床医生应该意识到，孤独的生活方式、孤独、情感脱节和沟通能力受损等分裂样特征是与自杀行为易感性相关的特征。我们建议对这种症状的组合进行临床评估，以便为 SZPD 患者提供最合适的治疗。
