Agricultural University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica 1029, Tirana, Albania.
Fan Noli University, Bulevardi Rilindasit 11, Korçë, Albania.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Nov 19;193(12):829. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09620-y.
This study aimed to reveal the trends in soil nutrient (NPK) balances for agricultural land in Albania for the period 1950-2019, through the analysis of the main NPK sources to NPK inputs and outputs. The results showed a large temporal variation in the balances of these nutrients, especially nitrogen. This variability depends mainly on the dynamics of land use change, the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and the number of animals during study period. For all three soil nutrients, negative trends have been observed in their balance sheets. From 1950 to 1990, the negative balance has declined, returning to positive for nitrogen in 1990 and phosphorus between 1970 and 2000, but has increased again in the last two to three decades. For 2019, the deficit for N was -104.8 kg ha, for P -8.7 kg ha, and for K -134.5 kg ha, making Albania have the largest deficit of soil nutrients compared to EU and OECD countries. This deficit is mainly due to the application of small amounts of chemical fertilizers. In this context, the increase in crop yields in the last two decades seems to be related more to the improvement of plant production technologies than to the increase in the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Currently, there appears to be no environmental pressure or potential risk of pollution at nationwide scale. However, this risk may exist at regional and field scales. Therefore, the assessment of soil nutrient balance at these two scales is necessary.
本研究旨在通过分析农业用地土壤养分（NPK）的主要 NPK 来源，揭示 1950 年至 2019 年期间阿尔巴尼亚农业用地土壤养分平衡的变化趋势。研究结果表明，这些养分的平衡在时间上存在很大的变化，尤其是氮。这种变化性主要取决于土地利用变化的动态、化肥的使用量以及研究期间的动物数量。对于所有三种土壤养分，其平衡表都呈现出负增长的趋势。从 1950 年到 1990 年，负平衡有所下降，1990 年氮出现正平衡，1970 年至 2000 年磷出现正平衡，但在过去的二三十年中又再次增加。对于 2019 年，N 的亏缺为-104.8 公斤/公顷，P 的亏缺为-8.7 公斤/公顷，K 的亏缺为-134.5 公斤/公顷，这使得阿尔巴尼亚的土壤养分亏缺与欧盟和经合组织国家相比最大。这种亏缺主要是由于化肥施用量少。在这种情况下，过去二十年中作物产量的增加似乎更多地与植物生产技术的提高有关，而不是与氮和钾肥的使用增加有关。目前，在全国范围内似乎没有环境压力或潜在的污染风险。然而，这种风险在区域和田间尺度可能存在。因此，有必要在这两个尺度上评估土壤养分平衡。
