Alt Nicholas P, Phillips L Taylor
Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach.
Stern School of Business, New York University.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2022 May;17(3):768-787. doi: 10.1177/17456916211017858. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Groups, teams, and collectivesare incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of human group activity and its fundamental importance to human life, social-psychological research on person perception has overwhelmingly focused on its namesake, the person, rather than expanding to consider people perception. By looking to two unexpected partners, the vision sciences and organization behavior, we find emerging work that presents a path forward, building a foundation for understanding how people perceive other people. And yet this nascent field is missing critical insights that scholars of social vision might offer: specifically, for example, the chance to connect perception to behavior through the mediators of cognition and motivational processes. Here, we review emerging work across the vision and social sciences to extract core principles of : efficiency, capacity, and complexity. We then consider complexity in more detail, focusing on how people perception modifies person-perception processes and enables the perception of group emergent properties as well as group dynamics. Finally, we use these principles to discuss findings and outline areas fruitful for future work. We hope that fellow scholars take up this people-perception call.
群体、团队和集体对人类行为极为重要。人们生活在家庭中,在团队里工作,并且在群体中共同庆祝和哀悼。尽管人类群体活动种类繁多且对人类生活至关重要,但社会心理学中关于人物感知的研究绝大多数都聚焦于其名称所指的“人”,而非扩展到对他人感知的考量。通过审视两个意想不到的伙伴——视觉科学和组织行为学,我们发现了一些新兴研究,这些研究为理解人们如何感知他人提供了一条前进的道路,奠定了基础。然而,这个新兴领域缺少社会视觉学者可能提供的关键见解:具体而言,例如通过认知和动机过程的中介将感知与行为联系起来的机会。在此,我们回顾视觉和社会科学领域的新兴研究,以提炼出关于他人感知的核心原则:效率、能力和复杂性。然后我们更详细地探讨复杂性,重点关注他人感知如何改变人物感知过程,并使对群体涌现属性以及群体动态的感知成为可能。最后,我们运用这些原则来讨论研究结果,并概述未来工作可能富有成果的领域。我们希望同行学者响应这一关于他人感知的呼吁。