Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2022 Mar;291(Pt 3):132952. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132952. Epub 2021 Nov 16.
Lead (Pb) is one of the toxic heavy metals that pollute the environment as a result of industrial activities. This study aims to optimize Pb removal from water by using horizontal free surface flow constructed wetland (HFSFCW) planted with Scirpus grossus. Optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) under Box-Behnken design with the operational parameters of initial Pb concentration, retention time, and aeration. Optimization results showed that 37 mg/L of initial Pb concentration, 32 days of retention time, and no aeration were the optimum conditions for Pb removal by using the systems. Validation test was run under two different conditions, namely, non-bioaugmented and bioaugmented with rhizobacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, Brevibacillus choshinensis, and Rhodococcus rhodochrous). Results of the validation test showed that Pb removal in water achieved 99.99% efficiency with 0.2% error from the RSM prediction, while the adsorption of Pb by plants reached 5160.18 mg/kg with 10.6% error from the RSM prediction. The bioaugmentation of the five rhizobacterial species showed a slight improvement in Pb removal from water and Pb adsorption by plants. However, no significant improvement was achieved (p < 0.05). Overall results suggested that operating the HFSFCW under optimum conditions with no bioaugmentation might be a feasible choice for the treatment of Pb-contaminated water.
铅（Pb）是一种有毒重金属，由于工业活动而污染环境。本研究旨在通过使用水平自由表面流人工湿地（HFSFCW）种植香蒲来优化水中 Pb 的去除。优化是在 Box-Behnken 设计下使用响应面法（RSM）进行的，操作参数为初始 Pb 浓度、停留时间和曝气。优化结果表明，初始 Pb 浓度为 37mg/L、停留时间为 32 天且不曝气是该系统去除 Pb 的最佳条件。验证试验在两种不同条件下进行，即未生物增强和用根际细菌（解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和红球菌）进行生物增强。验证试验的结果表明，水培中 Pb 的去除效率达到 99.99%，与 RSM 预测的误差为 0.2%，而植物对 Pb 的吸附效率达到 5160.18mg/kg，与 RSM 预测的误差为 10.6%。五种根际细菌的生物增强对水中 Pb 的去除和植物对 Pb 的吸附略有改善，但未达到显著提高（p<0.05）。总体结果表明，在不进行生物增强的情况下，最优条件下运行 HFSFCW 可能是处理 Pb 污染水的可行选择。
