Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Office of the Associate Director for Policy and Strategy, Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Dec;61(6):e289-e295. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.042. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
Improving access to naloxone is an important public health strategy in the U.S. This study examines the state-level trends in naloxone dispensing from 2012 to 2019 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Data from IQVIA Xponent were used to examine the trends and geographic inequality in annual naloxone dispensing rates and the number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed per high-dose opioid prescription from 2012 to 2019 and from 2016 to 2019 to correspond with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain release. Annual percentage change was estimated using linear regression. Analyses were conducted in 2020.
Naloxone dispensing rates and the number of naloxone prescriptions per 100 high-dose opioid prescriptions increased from 2012 to 2019 across all states and the District of Columbia. Average state-level naloxone dispensing rates increased from 0.55 per 100,000 population in 2012 to 45.60 in 2016 and 292.31 in 2019. Similarly, the average number of naloxone prescriptions per 100 high-dose opioid prescriptions increased from 0.002 in 2012 to 0.24 in 2016 and 3.04 in 2019. Across both measures of naloxone dispensing, the geographic inequality gap increased during the study period. In 2019, the number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed per 100 high-dose opioid prescriptions ranged from 1.04 to 16.64 across states.
Despite increases in naloxone dispensing across all states, dispensing rates remain low, with substantial variation and increasing disparities over time at the state level. This information may be helpful in efforts to improve naloxone access and in designing state-specific intervention programs.
在美国，增加纳洛酮的可及性是一项重要的公共卫生策略。本研究考察了 2012 年至 2019 年期间全美 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区的纳洛酮配给的州级趋势。
本研究使用 IQVIA Xponent 中的数据，考察了 2012 年至 2019 年和 2016 年至 2019 年期间，每年纳洛酮配给率和每 100 份高剂量阿片类药物处方配给纳洛酮处方数的趋势和地理不平等，并与疾病控制和预防中心发布的《慢性疼痛阿片类药物处方指南》相对应。使用线性回归估计每年的百分比变化。分析于 2020 年进行。
从 2012 年到 2019 年，全美 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区的纳洛酮配给率和每 100 份高剂量阿片类药物处方配给纳洛酮处方数都有所增加。州级平均纳洛酮配给率从 2012 年的每 10 万人 0.55 上升到 2016 年的 45.60 和 2019 年的 292.31。同样，每 100 份高剂量阿片类药物处方配给的纳洛酮处方数从 2012 年的 0.002 增加到 2016 年的 0.24 和 2019 年的 3.04。在这两个纳洛酮配给指标中，研究期间的地理不平等差距都在扩大。2019 年，各州每 100 份高剂量阿片类药物处方配给的纳洛酮处方数从 1.04 到 16.64 不等。
尽管全美各州的纳洛酮配给量都有所增加，但配给率仍然很低，而且随着时间的推移，各州之间的差异也在不断增加。这些信息可能有助于改善纳洛酮的可及性，并为设计特定于各州的干预方案提供帮助。
