Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan; College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jan 15;293:118559. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118559. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
The widespread use of nano-enabled agrochemicals in agriculture for remediating soil and improving nutrient use efficiency of organic and chemical fertilizers is increasing continuously with limited understanding on their potential risks. Recent studies suggested that nanoparticles (NPs) are harmful to soil organisms and their stimulated nutrient cycling in agriculture. However, their toxic effects under natural input farming systems are just at its infancy. Here, we aimed to examine the harmful effects of nano-agrochemical zinc oxide (ZnONPs) to poultry (PM) and farmyard manure (FYM) C and N cycling in soil-plant systems. These manures enhanced microbial counts, CO emission, N mineralization, spinach yield and N recovery than control (unfertilized). Soil applied ZnONPs increased labile Zn in microbial biomass, conferring its consumption and thereby reduced the colony-forming bacterial and fungal units. Such effects resulted in decreasing CO emitted from PM and FYM by 39 and 43%, respectively. Further, mineralization of organic N was reduced from FYM by 32%, and PM by 26%. This process has considerably decreased the soil mineral N content from both manure types and thereby spinach yield and plant N recoveries. In the ZnONPs amended soil, only about 23% of the applied total N from FYM and 31% from PM was ended up in plants, whereas the respective fractions in the absence of ZnONPs were 33 and 53%. Hence, toxicity of ZnONPs should be taken into account when recommending its use in agriculture for enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency of fertilizers or soil remediation purposes.
纳米农用化学品在农业中用于修复土壤和提高有机和化学肥料的养分利用效率的应用越来越广泛，但对其潜在风险的了解有限。最近的研究表明，纳米颗粒（NPs）对土壤生物及其在农业中刺激的养分循环有危害。然而，在自然投入农业系统下，它们的毒性效应才刚刚开始显现。在这里，我们旨在研究纳米农用氧化锌（ZnONPs）对家禽（PM）和农家肥（FYM）中 C 和 N 循环在土壤-植物系统中的有害影响。与对照（未施肥）相比，这些肥料增加了微生物数量、CO 排放、N 矿化、菠菜产量和 N 回收率。土壤施用 ZnONPs 增加了微生物生物量中的可利用 Zn，从而消耗了 Zn，减少了细菌和真菌的菌落形成单位。这种效应导致 PM 和 FYM 分别减少了 39%和 43%的 CO 排放。此外，有机 N 的矿化分别减少了 FYM 的 32%和 PM 的 26%。这一过程导致两种粪肥类型的土壤矿质 N 含量显著降低，从而降低了菠菜产量和植物 N 回收率。在添加 ZnONPs 的土壤中，来自 FYM 的施入总 N 中只有约 23%和 PM 中的 31%最终进入植物，而在没有 ZnONPs 的情况下，相应的分数分别为 33%和 53%。因此，在推荐使用 ZnONPs 来提高肥料的养分利用效率或进行土壤修复时，应考虑其毒性。
