Angeler David G, Allen Craig R, Garmestani Ahjond, Gunderson Lance, Johnson Richard K
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources.
Ecol Soc. 2021 Oct 22;26(4):1-7. doi: 10.5751/es-12690-260407.
A key challenge of the Anthropocene is to confront the dynamic complexity of systems of people and nature to guide robust interventions and adaptations across spatiotemporal scales. Panarchy, a concept rooted in resilience theory, accounts for this complexity, having at its core multiscale organization, interconnectedness of scales, and dynamic system structure at each scale. Despite the increasing use of panarchy in sustainability research, quantitative tests of its premises are scarce, particularly as they pertain to management consequences in ecosystems. In this study we compared the physicochemical environment of managed (limed) and minimally disturbed reference lakes and used time series modeling and correlation analyses to test the premises of panarchy theory: (1) that both lake types show dynamic structure at multiple temporal scales, (2) that this structure differs between lake types due to liming interacting with the natural disturbance regime of lakes, and (3) that liming manifests across temporal scales due to cross-scale connectivity. Hypotheses 1 and 3 were verified whereas support for hypothesis 2 was ambiguous. The literature suggests that liming is a "command-and-control" management form that fails to foster self-organization manifested in lakes returning to pre-liming conditions once management is ceased. In this context, our results suggest that redundance of liming footprints across scales, a feature contributing to resilience, in the physicochemical environment alone may not be enough to create a self-organizing limed lake regime. Further research studying the broader biophysical lake environment, including ecological communities of pelagic and benthic habitats, will contribute to a better understanding of managed lake panarchies. Such insight may further our knowledge of ecosystem management in general and of limed lakes in particular.
人类世的一个关键挑战是应对人与自然系统的动态复杂性，以指导跨时空尺度的有力干预和适应措施。泛archy是一个植根于恢复力理论的概念，它解释了这种复杂性，其核心是多尺度组织、尺度间的相互联系以及每个尺度上的动态系统结构。尽管泛archy在可持续性研究中的应用越来越多，但对其前提的定量测试却很少，特别是当这些前提与生态系统中的管理后果相关时。在本研究中，我们比较了经过管理（施石灰）和受干扰最小的参考湖泊的物理化学环境，并使用时间序列建模和相关性分析来检验泛archy理论的前提：（1）两种湖泊类型在多个时间尺度上都表现出动态结构；（2）由于施石灰与湖泊的自然干扰机制相互作用，两种湖泊类型的这种结构有所不同；（3）由于跨尺度连通性，施石灰在各个时间尺度上都有体现。假设1和3得到了验证，而对假设2的支持则不明确。文献表明，施石灰是一种“命令与控制”的管理形式，一旦停止管理，湖泊无法恢复到施石灰前的状态，无法促进自我组织。在这种背景下，我们的结果表明，仅物理化学环境中施石灰足迹的冗余这一有助于恢复力的特征，可能不足以创建一个自我组织的施石灰湖泊系统。进一步研究更广泛的湖泊生物物理环境，包括浮游和底栖生境的生态群落，将有助于更好地理解受管理湖泊的泛archy。这样的见解可能会增进我们对一般生态系统管理，特别是对施石灰湖泊的了解。
