Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
Conscious Cogn. 2021 Nov;96:103242. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103242. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
It has been suggested that a high tendency to ruminate presents a deficient emotion regulation. Past research found that people with high tendency to ruminate show sustained attention for negative stimuli and increased negative thinking, which may result in intensified experiences of negative emotions. Moreover, high level of rumination was associated with low emotional understanding. Accordingly, we hypothesized (1) high ruminators (HR) experience more intense emotional reactions than low ruminators (LR) for negative but not positive emotions, (2) LR have higher emotional clarity than HR, and (3) there would be the same pattern of results for brooding but not for reflective pondering. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, a rumination response style questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. They also rated emotional intensity and identified emotion type for scene pictures from the CAP-D (Categorized Affective Pictures Database). The highest (HR) and lowest (LR) quarters of ruminators were compared on levels of emotional intensity and emotional clarity. We found HR experienced negative emotions more intensely than LR, with no difference for positive emotions. In contrast to our hypothesis, the two groups did not differ in their emotion understanding. This pattern of results was found for brooding but not for reflective pondering. Our research sheds light on the mechanism underlying rumination and emotion regulation.
有人认为，过度沉思表明情绪调节能力不足。过去的研究发现，高沉思倾向的人会对负面刺激保持持续关注，并增加负面思考，这可能导致负面情绪体验加剧。此外，高水平的沉思与较低的情绪理解能力有关。因此，我们假设：（1）高沉思者（HR）对负面情绪的反应比低沉思者（LR）更强烈，但对积极情绪则不然；（2）LR 的情绪清晰度高于 HR；（3）对于沉思，而不是对于反思性思考，会出现相同的结果模式。参与者完成了人口统计学问卷、沉思反应风格问卷和贝克抑郁量表第二版。他们还根据 CAP-D（分类情感图片数据库）为场景图片评定了情绪强度并识别了情绪类型。在情绪强度和情绪清晰度方面，将沉思者中得分最高（HR）和最低（LR）的四分位数进行了比较。我们发现 HR 比 LR 更强烈地体验到负面情绪，但对正面情绪则没有差异。与我们的假设相反，这两组在情绪理解方面没有差异。这种结果模式对于沉思，而不是对于反思性思考是存在的。我们的研究揭示了沉思和情绪调节的潜在机制。
