Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Clin Dermatol. 2021 Jul-Aug;39(4):555-562. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.03.002. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Dermatology is one of the few visual specialties; much can be seen with the naked eye, yet many tools and devices can facilitate the diagnosis of cutaneous maladies. There has been significant progress in diagnostic techniques in recent decades with the advent of artificial intelligence and teledermatology. Such advancements reflect principles of long-standing aids, whereas others embody novel techniques and concepts. These bedside tools range from simple magnifiers and binocular loupes to reflectance confocal microscopes and ultrasounds. The cornerstone diagnostic techniques, including the potassium hydroxide examination and the Tzanck smear, remain highly useful. Although visual examination often permits an accurate diagnosis of a skin disease, the clinician is now even further equipped. Just as the microscope did 4 centuries ago, newer advances will continue to revolutionize the practice of medicine.
皮肤病学是少数几个视觉专业之一；许多疾病可以通过肉眼观察到，但是许多工具和设备可以帮助诊断皮肤疾病。近年来，随着人工智能和远程皮肤病学的出现，诊断技术取得了重大进展。这些进展反映了长期存在的辅助手段的原则，而其他手段则体现了新颖的技术和概念。这些床边工具的范围从简单的放大镜和双目体视显微镜到反射共聚焦显微镜和超声。包括氢氧化钾检查和 Tzanck 涂片在内的基石诊断技术仍然非常有用。虽然肉眼检查通常可以准确诊断皮肤病，但现在临床医生的诊断手段更加完备。正如 4 个世纪前的显微镜一样，新的进展将继续彻底改变医学实践。
