Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Pasaje Gutirrez 1125, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina..
Zootaxa. 2021 Nov 1;5060(3):301-332. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.1.
We evaluate the role of biogeographical affinity in shaping relationships between ecological diversity as a proxy of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity and their association with environmental variation, across tropical and temperate latitudes of the Americas. If environmental niches are evolutionarily conserved, high mammal taxa of tropical and temperate affinity will show consistent differences in these relationships. Accordingly, mammal groups of tropical affinity (old-autochthonous: marsupials and xenarthrans; and mid-Cenozoic immigrants: hystricognaths and primates) show stronger positive correlations between ecological and phylogenetic diversity within the tropics than those from extra-tropical latitudes where newcomers from North America (artiodactyls) show the strongest positive correlations. The other group of newcomers (carnivorans), however, show a peak in the association that include both tropical and extra-tropical latitudes of South America. Climate predominates over topographic relief in structuring the spatial variation of ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity. The environmental structuring of ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity across the Americas is more complex than expected from a latitudinal diversity gradient. Dry seasonal tropical habitats generated considerable heterogeneity in relationships between ecological and phylogenetic diversity and their association with environmental correlates. We conclude that biogeographical affinity and regional associations between the different components of diversity and the environment should be considered for a comprehensive explanation of covariation between ecological and phylogenetic diversity on a continental scale.
我们评估了生物地理亲缘关系在塑造生态多样性（作为功能多样性和系统发育多样性的代表）与环境变化之间关系中的作用，研究范围涵盖了美洲的热带和温带地区。如果环境生态位在进化上是保守的，那么热带和温带亲缘关系的高哺乳动物类群在这些关系上将会表现出一致的差异。因此，与来自热带以外地区的动物相比，热带亲缘关系的哺乳动物类群（古老的本土动物：有袋类和贫齿类；中新世移民：啮齿目和灵长类）在热带内部的生态和系统发育多样性之间表现出更强的正相关关系，而来自北美的新来者（偶蹄目）则表现出最强的正相关关系。然而，另一个新来者（食肉目）群体在包括南美的热带和温带地区的关联中表现出峰值。气候在塑造生态和系统发育多样性的空间变化方面比地形起伏更为重要。生态和系统发育多样性在美洲的环境结构比预期的从纬度多样性梯度更为复杂。干燥的季节性热带生境在生态和系统发育多样性之间的关系及其与环境相关因素的关联中产生了相当大的异质性。我们的结论是，在大陆尺度上，生物地理亲缘关系和不同多样性成分与环境之间的区域联系应该被考虑，以全面解释生态和系统发育多样性之间的共变关系。
