Ramirez-Garrastacho Manuel, Bajo-Santos Cristina, Line Aija, Martens-Uzunova Elena S, de la Fuente Jesus Martinez, Moros Maria, Soekmadji Carolina, Tasken Kristin Austlid, Llorente Alicia
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
Br J Cancer. 2022 Feb;126(3):331-350. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8. Epub 2021 Nov 22.
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
前列腺癌是一种全球性的癌症负担，多年来人们付出了巨大努力来寻找该疾病的生物标志物。大约十年前，人们开始设想在液体活检中分析细胞外囊泡的潜力。这开启了一个令人兴奋的新研究领域，即研究细胞外囊泡中丰富的分子宝库，以识别各种疾病的生物标志物。前列腺癌细胞和肿瘤微环境中的细胞释放的囊泡携带有关该疾病的分子信息，这些信息可以在多种生物流体中进行分析。众多研究证明了研究人员对这一研究领域的兴趣。然而，诸如囊泡分离等方法学问题一直具有挑战性。值得注意的是，包括基于纳米技术的新技术，显示出细胞外囊泡作为液体生物标志物进一步发展和临床应用的前景。生物标志物的开发是一个漫长而复杂的过程，目前临床上基于细胞外囊泡的生物标志物仍然不多。然而，过去十年所获得的知识为未来前列腺癌液体活检检测的发展奠定了坚实基础。精准医学迫切需要这些检测来将前列腺癌治疗提升到一个新水平。
