MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Aug;1876(1):188570. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188570. Epub 2021 May 19.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bound structures released from cells containing bioactive cargoes. Both the type of cargo and amount loaded varies compared to that of the parent cell. The characterisation of EVs in cancers of the male urogenital tract has identified several cargoes with promising diagnostic and disease monitoring potential. EVs released by cancers of the male urogenital tract promote cell-to-cell communication, migration, cancer progression and manipulate the immune system promoting metastasis by evading the immune response. Their use as diagnostic biomarkers represents a new area of screening and disease detection, potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsies. Many validated EV cargoes have been found to have superior sensitivity and specificity than current diagnostic tools currently in use. The use of EVs to improve disease monitoring and develop novel therapeutics will enable clinicians to individualise patient management in the exciting era of personalised medicine.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是从细胞中释放出来的含有生物活性货物的小脂质结合结构。与母细胞相比，货物的类型和加载量都有所不同。男性尿生殖系统癌症中 EVs 的特征鉴定出了几种具有有前途的诊断和疾病监测潜力的货物。男性尿生殖系统癌症释放的 EVs 通过逃避免疫反应促进细胞间通讯、迁移、癌症进展和操纵免疫系统，从而促进转移。它们作为诊断生物标志物的使用代表了筛查和疾病检测的一个新领域，有可能减少对侵入性活检的需求。已经发现许多经过验证的 EV 货物比当前使用的当前诊断工具具有更高的灵敏度和特异性。使用 EV 来改善疾病监测和开发新的治疗方法将使临床医生能够在个性化医学的激动人心的时代对患者进行个体化管理。
