Junior Sidney Fernandes Sales, da Silva Evelyn Oliveira, de Farias Araujo Gabriel, Soares Lorena Oliveira Souza, Parente Cláudio Ernesto Taveira, Malm Olaf, Saggioro Enrico Mendes, Correia Fábio Veríssimo
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, bloco G0, sala 60, subsolo, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(16):23607-23618. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17599-9. Epub 2021 Nov 22.
Poultry litter is widely applied as a fertilizer even though it is one of the main antibiotic sources to agricultural soils. Long-term sublethal effects (56 days) on the antioxidant system of Eisenia andrei earthworms following exposure to fluoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter (enrofloxacin + ciprofloxacin) at 5.0, 10, and 20 g kg were evaluated. The following biomarkers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and a lipid peroxidation (LPO) proxy. Significant CAT and SOD increases, and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) between these enzymes was observed. Glutathione-S-transferase levels increased significantly at 10 g kg, while GSH exhibited a dose-dependent response at 5.0 mg kg (4-106%), 10 mg kg (28-330 %), and 20 mg kg (45-472%). LPO levels exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing poultry litter concentrations of 8-170% (5.0 g kg), 7-104% (10 mg kg), and 3-6% (20 mg kg). A principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted increased SOD and CAT activities, possibly due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Biological health status assessments based on the biomarker response index indicate major alterations in the first month of exposure and becoming moderate in the second month. These findings indicate an antioxidant system attenuation trend. It is possible, however, that successive poultry litter applications may reduce the long-term recovery capacity of the evaluated biomarkers.
家禽粪便虽为农业土壤的主要抗生素来源之一，但仍被广泛用作肥料。本研究评估了赤子爱胜蚓暴露于含氟喹诺酮（恩诺沙星+环丙沙星）的家禽粪便（浓度分别为5.0、10和20 g/kg）56天后，其抗氧化系统受到的长期亚致死效应。评估了以下生物标志物：超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）以及脂质过氧化（LPO）指标。观察到CAT和SOD显著增加，且这两种酶之间存在中度正相关（ρ = 0.67，p < 0.05）。GST水平在10 g/kg时显著增加，而GSH在5.0 mg/kg（4 - 106%）、10 mg/kg（28 - 330%）和20 mg/kg（45 - 472%）时呈现剂量依赖性反应。随着家禽粪便浓度增加，LPO水平呈下降趋势，降幅分别为8 - 170%（5.0 g/kg）、7 - 104%（10 mg/kg）和3 - 6%（20 mg/kg）。主成分分析（PCA）表明SOD和CAT活性增加，可能是由于活性氧（ROS）浓度升高所致。基于生物标志物反应指数的生物健康状况评估表明，暴露第一个月有主要变化，第二个月变为中度。这些发现表明抗氧化系统有衰减趋势。然而，连续施用家禽粪便可能会降低所评估生物标志物的长期恢复能力。
