Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey.
National High Institute of Sciences and Techniques, Institut National Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques d'Abéché (INSTA), 40823, Abeche, Chad.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Nov 23;53(6):553. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02998-4.
This study was aimed to determine the effects of feeding type (ad libitum: AF and intermittent: IF) and water temperature (normal: NW and cold: CW) treatments on welfare status and meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens reared under daily heat stress between 22 and 42 days of age. The chickens' panting rate and rectal temperature were determined at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age and twice a week in 3 female and 3 male chickens in each pen. Welfare traits such as foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn (HB), breast burn (BB), and leg problems (LP) were examined individually at 42 days of age. At day 43, 3 male and 3 female chickens per pen were randomly selected and slaughtered after an 8-h fasting period; pH and color (lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)) of breast and thigh meat were determined. AF × C W chickens had significantly higher panting rates at all ages than the other groups (P < 0.05). While FPD and LP were not affected by feeding type and water temperature treatments, interaction effects on HB and BB were found significant (P < 0.05). The HB and BB levels were the lowest in AF × NW chickens (P < 0.05). While treatments did not change to any color traits in breast meat (P > 0.05), interactions significantly affected the yellowness (b*) value in the thigh (P < 0.05). In conclusion, management practices such as IF and CW in fast-growing broilers could not completely reduce the undesirable effects of heat stress on some welfare and meat quality traits, and in some cases, even caused more negativity.
本研究旨在确定自由采食（AF）和间歇性采食（IF）与常温水（NW）和冷水（CW）两种饮水方式对 22-42 日龄快速生长肉鸡在每日热应激下福利状况和肉质的影响。在 4、5 和 6 周龄以及每周两次，在每个鸡舍的 3 只母鸡和 3 只公鸡中，测定呼吸频率和直肠温度。在 42 日龄时，单独检查脚垫皮炎（FPD）、跗关节烧伤（HB）、胸部烧伤（BB）和腿部问题（LP）等福利性状。在第 43 天，每个鸡舍随机选择 3 只公鸡和 3 只母鸡，禁食 8 小时后屠宰；测定胸肉和大腿肉的 pH 值和颜色（亮度（L*）、红度（a*）和黄度（b*））。AF×CW 组鸡在所有年龄的呼吸频率均显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。虽然采食类型和水温处理对 FPD 和 LP 没有影响，但对 HB 和 BB 的互作效应显著（P<0.05）。AF×NW 组鸡的 HB 和 BB 水平最低（P<0.05）。虽然处理对胸肉的颜色性状没有任何改变（P>0.05），但互作对大腿肉的黄度（b*）值有显著影响（P<0.05）。总之，在快速生长肉鸡中，IF 和 CW 等管理措施并不能完全减轻热应激对一些福利和肉质性状的不利影响，在某些情况下甚至会产生更多的负面影响。
