College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
Funct Plant Biol. 2022 Jan;49(2):132-144. doi: 10.1071/FP21116.
Traditional soybean (Glycine max L.) breeding has improved seed yield in high-input agricultural systems, under high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The seed yield improvements under non-P supply and the seed protein and mineral content dilution by yield improvement were evaluated in 18 soybean cultivars released from 1995 to 2016 in south-east China. Soybean varieties were grown under rainfed conditions in the field under 0 and 35kgPha-1 in four sites: Dafang and Shiqian in the growing season of 2017 and Dafang and Puding in the 2018 season. The seed yield, seed protein content and nine seed nutrition concentration were examined. Soybean seed yield increased with the year of release at rates of 5.5-6.7gm-2 year-1 under 35kgPha-1 and 3.9-4.8gm-2 year-1 under non-P supply in the four experiments. The increase resulted from increases in the number of filled-pods and total seed number rather than from single seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Seed protein content and seed nutrition concentration has not changed with the year of release under 0 and 35kgPha-1 . Grain yield was positively correlated with the seed Fe concentration. The cultivar superiority of seed yield, seed P, Zn and Ca concentration was negatively correlated with their static stability coefficient. Traditional soybean breeding increased yield under both P and non-P supply, without affecting seed protein content and mineral concentrations. A trade-off between high seed yield and seed P, Zn and Ca concentration and their stability under different environments was shown.
传统的大豆（Glycine max L.）选育在高氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）供应的高投入农业系统中提高了种子产量。本研究评估了 1995 年至 2016 年在中国东南部释放的 18 个大豆品种在非 P 供应下的产量提高以及种子蛋白质和矿物质含量因产量提高而稀释的情况。在四个地点：大方和石阡在 2017 年的生长季和大方和普定在 2018 年的生长季，在田间进行雨养条件下的大豆品种种植，施用量为 0 和 35kgPha-1。考察了种子产量、种子蛋白质含量和 9 种种子营养浓度。在四个试验中，在 35kgPha-1 下，大豆种子产量随年份的释放而增加，年增长率为 5.5-6.7gm-2 year-1，在非 P 供应下，年增长率为 3.9-4.8gm-2 year-1。这种增加是由于填充荚的数量和总种子数量的增加，而不是由于单粒重量和每荚种子数量的增加。在 0 和 35kgPha-1 下，种子蛋白质含量和种子营养浓度随年份的释放而没有变化。籽粒产量与种子 Fe 浓度呈正相关。种子产量、P、Zn 和 Ca 浓度的品种优势与静态稳定性系数呈负相关。传统的大豆选育在 P 和非 P 供应下都提高了产量，而不影响种子蛋白质含量和矿物质浓度。在不同环境下，高种子产量与种子 P、Zn 和 Ca 浓度及其稳定性之间存在权衡。
