Fine particulate matter induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human SH-SY5Y cells.

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) may contribute to brain injury, however, the molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully described. In this study, the human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with PM with different concentrations (0, 25, 100, and 250 μg/mL) for 24 h to investigate the cell apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ratio of apoptosis, Ca level, biomarkers of ER stress and apoptosis were determined. The results revealed that PM triggered the increase of apoptosis ratio and cellular Ca levels. Compared with control, the expression of GRP78 and phosphorylation of IER1α and p38 were enhanced significantly in the cells under the conditions of PM exposure for activating ER stress signals. Besides, the key genes (CHOP/DR5/Caspase8/Caspase12) in ER stress-induced apoptosis signals were up-regulated after the PM treatment compared to the control. The results suggested PM induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by the stimulation of ER stress, which may be the potential mechanism of neurological diseases incurred by PM.