School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India.
Biochemical Engineering Department, Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat, India.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2022;52(8):855-871. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2001754. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
The world is looking for alternative energy resources because of the depletion of fossil fuel reservoirs like crude oil, coal, and natural gases in the next few decades. In this aspect, unutilized coal waste and sustainable biomass are considered major energy contributors to convert biomass blended coal fines as high-quality solid briquettes. The present study integrates different briquette processing technologies to develop, coal-biomass-binder, coal-biomass (binderless), coal-binder, and carbonized biomass-binder composites. Briquette application depends upon, availability of waste coal, selection of appropriate biomass among the countless existing biomass stock, thermal-mechanical characteristics of raw material, and progressive advancements in briquetting machines. Present review highly encourages densification of aquatic biomass (water hyacinth, microalgae), activated sludge (municipal solid waste, tannery industry) as well as agro and forest residues (wheat straw, sawdust) to integrate briquetting technology with wastewater treatment or solid waste management. Briefly, the present study covers all aspects of briquette processing and the application of multifunctional bio-binders as cow dung, which act as a desulfurizing agent besides binding to obtain clean coal combustion. Further, cost assessment and budding future research concerned with briquetting technologies are explored to find alternative and sustainable energy routes.
由于未来几十年内石油、煤炭和天然气等化石燃料储量的枯竭，世界正在寻找替代能源。在这方面，未利用的煤矸石和可持续的生物质被认为是将生物质与煤粉混合制成高质量固体煤球的主要能源。本研究整合了不同的煤球加工技术，开发了煤-生物质-粘合剂、煤-生物质（无粘合剂）、煤-粘合剂和碳化生物质-粘合剂复合材料。煤球的应用取决于废煤的可用性、在无数现有的生物质库存中选择合适的生物质、原材料的热机械特性以及煤球机的不断进步。本综述强烈鼓励水生物质（水葫芦、微藻）、活性污泥（城市固体废物、制革工业）以及农业和林业残渣（麦秆、木屑）的致密化，将煤球技术与废水处理或固体废物管理相结合。简而言之，本研究涵盖了煤球加工的各个方面以及多功能生物粘合剂（如牛粪）的应用，牛粪除了作为粘合剂外，还可以作为脱硫剂，以获得清洁的煤炭燃烧。此外，还探讨了煤球技术的成本评估和未来潜在研究，以寻找替代和可持续的能源途径。
