Habib Solaiman Bin, Hossain M Belal, Hossain Md Solaiman, Jolly Y N, Sarker Subrata
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3800, Bangladesh.
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD, Australia.
Heliyon. 2021 Nov 9;7(11):e08324. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08324. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Assessment of elemental contamination is emerging research in the present world. Metals are hazardous to the environment and people's health when metals concentration might exceed the tolerable level. In this research, 12 elements (i.e., Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Co, Pb, Fe, Rb, and Ti) were assessed using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method in water and sediment samples in four (4) different spawning grounds of at the confluence of the Meghna River in Bangladesh. A comparative analysis was performed for the first time among four sampling spots, i.e., Chandpur, Bhola, Sandwip, and Hatiya, assessed all possible risk indices-it is a unique thing. Several risk indices were solved to determine the degree of sediment pollution for all 12 elements, e.g., degree of contamination (C):6.5-7.01, the modified degree of contamination (C): approximately 0.7, the pollution load index (PLI): 0.45-0.51, etc. where all the indices' results showed low or baseline levels of pollution. According to the enrichment factor (EF) computation, slight enrichment of examined metals except Pb and Zn was found. In addition to these, the ecological risk factor (E) found in the following order (pollution level: low): Cu > Pb > Zn among the four stations. Moreover, a spatial incline of metal accumulation was observed among the four spots: Bhola < Sandwip < Hatiya < Chandpur based on the risk index (RI) set value. However, a strong positive correlation (p < 0.05) between Ca and Fe, Ti and Fe, Ti and Mn, Mn and Fe, Fe and Sr were observed while Ca, and Co were strongly negatively correlated (r = minus (-)0.60, p < 0.05). The cluster analysis was performed and got an asymmetrical cluster among the sampling stations. This study recommends assessing the heavy metal concentration in biological samples, particularly in Hilsha fish.
元素污染评估是当今世界新兴的研究领域。当金属浓度可能超过可容忍水平时，金属对环境和人类健康有害。在本研究中，使用能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）方法对孟加拉国梅克纳河交汇处四个不同产卵地的水和沉积物样本中的12种元素（即锰、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、锶、钴、铅、铁、铷和钛）进行了评估。首次对四个采样点（即钱德布尔、博拉、桑德维普和哈蒂亚）进行了比较分析，评估了所有可能的风险指数——这是一件独特的事情。求解了几个风险指数以确定所有12种元素的沉积物污染程度，例如，污染程度（C）：6.5 - 7.01，修正污染程度（C）：约0.7，污染负荷指数（PLI）：0.45 - 0.51等，所有指数结果均显示污染程度较低或处于基线水平。根据富集因子（EF）计算，发现除铅和锌外，所检测金属有轻微富集。除此之外，在四个站点中发现的生态风险因子（E）顺序如下（污染水平：低）：铜>铅>锌。此外，根据风险指数（RI）设定值，在四个地点观察到金属积累的空间梯度：博拉<桑德维普<哈蒂亚<钱德布尔。然而，观察到钙与铁、钛与铁、钛与锰、锰与铁、铁与锶之间存在强正相关（p < 0.05），而钙与钴呈强负相关（r = - 0.60，p < 0.05）。进行了聚类分析，在采样站之间得到了一个不对称聚类。本研究建议评估生物样本中的重金属浓度，特别是在希拉鱼中。
