Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York, UK.
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK.
Indoor Air. 2022 Jan;32(1):e12948. doi: 10.1111/ina.12948. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from personal care products (PCPs) contribute to poor indoor air quality. Exposure to indoor VOCs is typically determined through ambient concentration measurements; however, for some PCPs the proximity of use to the nose and mouth may lead to disproportionately large inhaled doses. In this paper, we quantify emission factors for six common PCP ingredient VOCs (ethanol, 2-propanol, benzyl alcohol, 1,3-butanediol, t-butyl alcohol, and the grouping of monoterpenes as limonene) from 16 facial day-moisturizers using headspace analysis and selected ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. A wide range of emissions rates were observed across the range of products tested (e.g., ethanol 3.3-6.9 × 10 µg s g , limonene 1.3 × 10 -4.1 × 10 µg s g ). We use a mannequin head with reconstructed nose and mouth airways to sample VOCs from facial application at typical respiration volumes. A single facial application of moisturizer can lead to a much larger inhaled VOC dose than would be inhaled from typical indoor ambient air over 24 h (e.g., limonene up to ~×16 greater via facial application, ethanol up to ~×300). Emissions from facially applied PCPs typically decayed to background concentrations over periods ranging from 5 to 150 min.
个人护理产品（PCP）中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放会导致室内空气质量变差。室内 VOC 的暴露通常通过环境浓度测量来确定；然而，对于某些 PCP，使用时靠近鼻子和嘴巴可能会导致吸入剂量不成比例地增加。在本文中，我们使用顶空分析和选择离子流管质谱法，从 16 种面部日霜中量化了六种常见 PCP 成分 VOC（乙醇、2-丙醇、苯甲醇、1,3-丁二醇、叔丁醇和作为柠檬烯的单萜类混合物）的排放因子。在测试的产品范围内观察到了广泛的排放率（例如，乙醇 3.3-6.9×10 µg s g ，柠檬烯 1.3×10 -4.1×10 µg s g ）。我们使用带有重建鼻道和口腔气道的人体模型头部来从典型呼吸量的面部应用中采样 VOC。单次面部涂抹保湿霜可导致吸入的 VOC 剂量比 24 小时内从典型室内环境空气中吸入的剂量大得多（例如，通过面部应用，柠檬烯高达约×16，乙醇高达约×300）。从面部应用的 PCP 中排放的 VOC 通常在 5 至 150 分钟的时间内衰减至背景浓度。
