Projeto Lixo Marinho - Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, PPGOB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 20;805:150186. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150186. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
The lack of information about plastic pollution in many marine regions hinders firm actions to manage human activities and mitigate their impacts. This study conducted for the first time a quali-quantitative evaluation of floating plastics and their associated biota from coastal and oceanic waters in South Brazil. Plastics were collected using a manta net, and were categorized according to their shape, size, malleability and polymer composition. Multi-marker DNA metabarcoding (16S, and 18S V4 and V9 rRNA regions) was performed to identify prokaryotes and eukaryotes associated to plastics. We found 371 likely plastic particles of several sizes, shapes and polymers, and the average concentration of plastics at the region was 4461 items.km (SD ± 3914). Microplastics (0.5 - 5 mm) were dominant in most sampling stations, with fragments and lines representing the most common shapes. Diverse groups of prokaryotes (20 bacteria phyla) and eukaryotes (41 groups) were associated with plastics. Both the community composition and richness of epiplastic organisms were highly variable between individual plastics but, in general, were not influenced by plastic categories. Organisms with potential pathogenicity (e.g. Vibrio species. and Alexandrium tamarense), as well as potential plastic degraders (e.g. Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, and Alcanivorax species), were found. The information generated here is pivotal to support strategies to prevent the input and mitigate the impacts of plastics and their associated organisms on marine environments.
在许多海洋区域，缺乏有关塑料污染的信息，这阻碍了采取有力行动来管理人类活动并减轻其影响。本研究首次对南巴西南部沿海和公海的漂浮塑料及其相关生物群进行了定性-定量评估。使用蝠鲼网收集塑料，并根据其形状、大小、延展性和聚合物组成进行分类。进行多标记 DNA 宏条形码（16S、18S V4 和 V9 rRNA 区）分析，以鉴定与塑料相关的原核生物和真核生物。我们发现了 371 个大小、形状和聚合物不同的疑似塑料颗粒，该地区的塑料平均浓度为 4461 个/公里（SD ± 3914）。微塑料（0.5-5 毫米）在大多数采样站占主导地位，碎片和线条是最常见的形状。与塑料相关的有多种原核生物（20 个细菌门）和真核生物（41 个组）。附着在塑料上的生物群落组成和丰富度在个体塑料之间差异很大，但总体上不受塑料类别的影响。发现了具有潜在致病性的生物（例如，弧菌属和塔玛亚历山大藻）以及潜在的塑料降解菌（例如，罗尔斯通氏菌属、假单胞菌属和Alcanivorax 属）。此处生成的信息对于支持防止塑料及其相关生物进入海洋环境并减轻其影响的策略至关重要。
