Oppenheimer Anna V, Bellinger David C, Coull Brent A, Weisskopf Marc G, Zemplenyi Michele, Korrick Susan A
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Toxics. 2021 Nov 16;9(11):311. doi: 10.3390/toxics9110311.
Inhibition, one of the building blocks of executive function, is the ability to focus one's attention despite interference from external stimuli. It undergoes substantial development during adolescence and may be susceptible to adverse impacts of prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures, yet few studies have explored this association. The New Bedford Cohort (NBC) is a birth cohort of residents living near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site in Massachusetts. Among adolescents from the NBC, we investigated the association of biomarkers of prenatal exposure to organochlorines (DDE, HCB, PCBs) and metals (Pb, Mn) with inhibition, assessed with the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Design Fluency (non-verbal task) and Color-Word Interference (verbal task) subtests. An exploratory mixtures analysis using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) informed a traditional multivariable regression approach. NBC adolescents are diverse with 29% non-white and 31% in a low-income household at birth. Cord serum organochlorine concentrations and cord blood metals concentrations were generally similar to other birth cohorts. In BKMR models, we observed a suggestive adverse association of the chemical mixture with Color-Word Interference but not Design Fluency. In covariate-adjusted linear regression models including all five chemical exposure measures, a doubling of cord blood Mn was associated with poorer Color-Word Interference completion time scaled scores (difference = -0.74; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.14). This study provided evidence of an adverse joint association between prenatal exposure to a five-chemical mixture and verbal inhibition in adolescence with exposure to Mn potentially driving this overall association.
抑制作为执行功能的组成部分之一，是指在受到外部刺激干扰时仍能集中注意力的能力。它在青春期经历显著发展，可能易受产前接触化学混合物的不利影响，但很少有研究探讨这种关联。新贝德福德队列（NBC）是马萨诸塞州新贝德福德港超级基金场地附近居民的出生队列。在NBC队列的青少年中，我们研究了产前接触有机氯（滴滴涕、六氯苯、多氯联苯）和金属（铅、锰）的生物标志物与抑制能力之间的关联，抑制能力通过德利斯 - 卡普兰执行功能系统的设计流畅性（非语言任务）和颜色 - 单词干扰（语言任务）子测试进行评估。使用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）的探索性混合物分析为传统多变量回归方法提供了信息。NBC队列中的青少年具有多样性，29%为非白人，31%出生于低收入家庭。脐带血清有机氯浓度和脐带血金属浓度通常与其他出生队列相似。在BKMR模型中，我们观察到化学混合物与颜色 - 单词干扰之间存在提示性的不利关联，但与设计流畅性无关。在包括所有五种化学暴露测量指标的协变量调整线性回归模型中，脐带血锰含量翻倍与颜色 - 单词干扰完成时间量表得分较差相关（差异=-0.74；95%置信区间：-1.34，-0.14）。这项研究提供了证据，表明产前接触五种化学混合物与青少年的语言抑制之间存在不利的联合关联，其中接触锰可能是导致这种总体关联的原因。
