State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin City 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Methods Appl Fluoresc. 2021 Dec 22;10(1). doi: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac3d79.
In recent years, the application of fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely recognized in water environment studies. The sensitiveness, simplicity, and efficiency of fluorescence spectroscopy are proved to be a promising tool for effective monitoring of water and wastewater. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEMs) and synchronous fluorescence spectra have been widely used analysis techniques of fluorescence measurement. The presence of organic matter in water and wastewater defines the degree and type of pollution in water. The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) has made the water quality assessment simple and easy. With the recent advances in this technology, components of DOM are identified by employing parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), a mathematical trilinear data modeling with EEMs. The majority of wastewater studies indicated that the fluorescence peak of EX/EM at 275 nm/340 nm is referred to tryptophan region (Peak T1). However, some researchers identified another fluorescence peak in the region of EX/EM at 225-237 nm/340-381 nm, which described the tryptophan region and labeled it as Peak T2. Generally, peak T is a protein-like component in the water sample, where T1 and T2 signals were derived from the <0.20m fraction of pollution. Therefore, a more advanced approach, such as an online fluorescence spectrofluorometer, can be used for the online monitoring of water. The results of various waters studied by fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that changes in peak T intensity could be used for real-time wastewater quality assessment and process control of wastewater treatment works. Finally, due to its effective use in water quality assessment, the fluorescence technique is proved to be a surrogate online monitoring tool and early warning equipment.
近年来，荧光光谱学在水环境研究中的应用得到了广泛的认可。荧光光谱学的灵敏度、简单性和高效性被证明是有效监测水和废水的有前途的工具。荧光激发-发射矩阵（EEMs）和同步荧光光谱已被广泛应用于荧光测量的分析技术。水中有机物的存在决定了水的污染程度和类型。荧光光谱学在表征溶解有机物（DOM）中的应用使水质评估变得简单易行。随着这项技术的最新进展，采用平行因子分析（PARAFAC）可以识别 DOM 的成分，这是一种使用 EEMs 的数学三线性数据建模。大多数废水研究表明，EX/EM 处的荧光峰 275nm/340nm 被认为是色氨酸区域（峰 T1）。然而，一些研究人员在 EX/EM 处的区域 225-237nm/340-381nm 处识别出另一个荧光峰，该峰描述了色氨酸区域并将其标记为峰 T2。一般来说，峰 T 是水样中一种类蛋白成分，其中 T1 和 T2 信号来自污染的<0.20m 分数。因此，可以使用在线荧光分光光度计等更先进的方法进行水的在线监测。荧光光谱学研究的各种水的结果表明，峰 T 强度的变化可用于实时废水质量评估和废水处理厂的过程控制。最后，由于其在水质评估中的有效应用，荧光技术被证明是一种替代的在线监测工具和预警设备。
