Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2022 Dec;42(8):1180-1212. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1993126. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are highly prevalent among the aging population. It affects primarily the central nervous system (CNS) but the effects are also observed in the peripheral nervous system. Neural degeneration is a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. Such patients suffer from debilitating memory loss and altered motor coordination which bring up non-affordable and unavoidable socio-economic burdens. Due to the unavailability of specific therapeutics and diagnostics, the necessity to control or manage NDs raised the demand to investigate and develop efficient alternative approaches. Keeping trends and advancements in view, this report describes both state-of-the-art and challenges in nano-biotechnology-based approaches to manage NDs, toward personalized healthcare management. Sincere efforts are being made to customize nano-theragnostics to control: therapeutic cargo packaging, delivery to the brain, nanomedicine of higher efficacy, deep brain stimulation, implanted stimulation, and managing brain cell functioning. These advancements are useful to design future therapy based on the severity of the patient's neurodegenerative disease. However, we observe a lack of knowledge shared among scientists of a variety of expertise to explore this multi-disciplinary research field for NDs management. Consequently, this review will provide a guideline platform that will be useful in developing novel smart nano-therapies by considering the aspects and advantages of nano-biotechnology to manage NDs in a personalized manner. Nano-biotechnology-based approaches have been proposed as effective and affordable alternatives at the clinical level due to recent advancements in nanotechnology-assisted theragnostics, targeted delivery, higher efficacy, and minimal side effects.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）在老年人群中发病率很高。它主要影响中枢神经系统（CNS），但也会在周围神经系统中观察到影响。神经退行性变是神经元结构和功能的进行性丧失，最终可能涉及细胞死亡。此类患者患有使人衰弱的记忆丧失和运动协调改变，这带来了无法承受和不可避免的社会经济负担。由于缺乏特定的治疗方法和诊断方法，控制或管理 NDs 的必要性提高了对研究和开发有效替代方法的需求。考虑到趋势和进步，本报告描述了基于纳米生物技术的方法在管理 NDs 方面的最新技术和挑战，以实现个性化医疗保健管理。正在努力定制纳米治疗学以控制：治疗性货物包装、向大脑输送、更高疗效的纳米医学、深部脑刺激、植入式刺激和管理脑细胞功能。这些进展有助于根据患者神经退行性疾病的严重程度设计未来的治疗方法。然而，我们观察到，各种专业知识的科学家之间缺乏知识共享，以探索 NDs 管理的这一多学科研究领域。因此，本综述将提供一个指南平台，考虑纳米生物技术的各个方面和优势，将有助于开发针对 NDs 进行个性化管理的新型智能纳米疗法。由于纳米技术辅助治疗、靶向递送、更高疗效和最小副作用方面的最新进展，基于纳米生物技术的方法已被提出作为临床水平上有效且负担得起的替代方案。
